On the Protophysics of time. Reply to H. Andreas* critique along with a remark on the scope of operational foundations of measurement. In 2004, H. Andreas presented in this journal a refutation of Janich's operational foundation of time measurement. Pursuing suggestions made by F. Mühlhölzer in 1981, Andreas intends to show that Janich's proof of the uniqueness of the operationalization that he suggested fails. It is shown that Andreas' arguments, like Mühlhölzer's, are mistaken and do not challenge Janich's theory. Some (...) remarks on the scope of Protophysics are added, which may lead to a more substantial discussion of the merits of Janich's approach. (shrink)

Abstraction and Ideation - The Semantics of chemical and biological fundamental concepts. The methods of abstraction and ideation are indispensable tools to introduce new concepts in a scientific terminology. The latter is paradigmatically introduced within the 'protophysical program' whereas abstraction is commonly applied in logics and mathematics. The application within the reconstruction of chemistry and biology causes several problems. Ideation appears to be inadequate whereas the application of abstraction necessitates a critical and minute examination of the corresponding equivalence relations. These (...) problems are solved by the introduction of the method of materially-synthetic (material-synthetische) abstraction which is exemplified by the introduction of the chemical concept of 'substance' (Stoff) and the biological concept of 'hereditary factor' (Erbanlage). (shrink)

ion and Ideation - The Semantics of chemical and biological fundamental concepts. The methods of abstraction and ideation are indispensable tools to introduce new concepts in a scientific terminology. The latter is paradigmatically introduced within the 'protophysical program' whereas abstraction is commonly applied in logics and mathematics. The application within the reconstruction of chemistry and biology causes several problems. Ideation appears to be inadequate whereas the application of abstraction necessitates a critical and minute examination of the corresponding equivalence relations. These (...) problems are solved by the introduction of the method of materially-synthetic abstraction which is exemplified by the introduction of the chemical concept of 'substance' and the biological concept of 'hereditary factor'. (shrink)