In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant defines the architectonic as the “art of constructing systems.” For him, architectonics is the systematic unity of knowledge according to a principle he identifies as the ends of reason. In the discipline of architecture, the concept of the architectonic has varied understandings: the unity of form of the appearance of the building that is given; or the order of the unity of form that systematizes the appearance as it is grasped; or the principle (...) of the order of the unity of form that is understood. This paper argues that the architectonic in architecture is described by a principle of order of the unity of form, and that this principle is tantamount to Kant’s principle of the ends of reason. This thesis is investigated by relating Kant’s concept of the architectonic to the concept of concinnitas proposed by the fifteenth-century architect and humanist, Leon Battista Alberti. Concinnitas is understood here as the conceptual complement to Kant’s principle of the ends of reason which underlies his architectonic: both are doctrines of the unity of the whole, and both are initiated as an a priori judgment of the immanent “ends of reason” that is inherent to an idea and assures the “systematic unity” of that idea is given as the perfection of the concept which in Alberti’s case is the building’s form. Both interpretations are grounded on formal perfection where the perfection of Kant’s systematic unity of reason finds its complement in Alberti’s unity of form. (shrink)

Mimarlık diğer sanat dallarından iki bakımdan ayrılır. İlk olarak mimari yapıtlarla etkileşim kaçınılmazdır. Müzik dinlemeden, tiyatro veya sinemaya gitmeden, resim veya heykel sergilerini gezmeden yaşamımızı sürdürebiliriz ancak mimari yapılar olmadan bu olanaklı olmaz. Bu bakımdan mimarlık sanatlar içinde belki de insan yaşamını en fazla etkileyen daldır. İkinci olarak mimarlık bir yaşam gereksinimini karşılayan, böyle bir işlevi olan belki de tek sanat dalıdır. Örneğin resim, heykel, şiir, sinema veya tiyatro yapıtlarını sanatsal açıdan değerlendirirken hangi gereksinimimizi karşıladıkları sorusunu sormayız. Buna karşılık mimari (...) yapılar barınma başta olmak üzere bir dizi maddi gereksinimimizi karşılarlar. Hangi gereksinimi karşılamak amacıyla yapıldıkları sorusu onların sanatsal açıdan değerlendirilmesinde önem taşır. Bu yazıda mimarlığın sanatlar içindeki bu iki özgünlüğünü dikkate alan bir düşünürün, Ömer Naci Soykan'ın mimarlık konusundaki görüşlerini sırasıyla “mimarlıkta temel nitelikler”, “mimarlık etkinliği”, “mimarlık dili” ve “mimarlık estetiği” başlıkları altında ele alacağız. (shrink)

Central issues in philosophy of architecture include foundational matters regarding the nature of: (1) architecture as an artform, design medium, or other product or practice; (2) architectural objects—what sorts of things they are; how they differ from other sorts of objects; and how we define the range of such objects; (3) special architectural properties, like the standard trio of structural integrity (firmitas), beauty, and utility—or space, light, and form; and ways they might be special to architecture; (4) architectural types—how to (...) consider abstract groups of architectural objects and their instances; (5) meaning and other language-like phenomena in architecture and its objects; (6) formation of and warrant for our basic grasp, and considered judgment, of architectural objects; and (7) social and moral features of architectural objects and architectural practice. Yet other questions engage applied philosophical concerns regarding architecture, such as the character of architectural notation; intellectual property rights; and client-architect obligations. A far-reaching philosophy of architecture extends beyond even a broadly aesthetics-based assessment, to include considerations of ethics, social and political philosophy, and philosophical reflections on psychology and the behavioral sciences. The aesthetics of architecture, by itself, spans traditional issues mooted in philosophy of art, as well as aesthetics of the everyday, and environmental aesthetics. Such traditional issues include the nature of the work; the possibility of classes, kinds, or types in the domain; the character and roles of representation, intentionality, and expression; and the warranted foundations for criticism. The ethics of architecture also addresses traditional issues, including delineation of rights, responsibilities, the good, virtues, and justice in architectural milieus. Still other aspects of philosophy of architecture concern social and technological characteristics. (shrink)

Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird der Versuch unternommen, die Kantische Philosophie insbesondere hinsichtlich ihrer Kritik der Konstruktion und die Bestimmung unterschiedlicherer Dimensionen der Wahrnehmung und des Denkens auf das architektonische Entwerfen anzuwenden. Der Aufsatz ist in drei Schritte unterteilt: im ersten wird eine Methode entfaltet, die es erlaubt, mithilfe einiger Aspekte der Philosophie Kants Gestaltungsfragen innerhalb des architektonischen Entwurfs zu untersuchen. Der zweite geht den Bezügen von Architekten und Designern wie Oswald Mathias Ungers, Otl Aicher und Lars Spuybroek auf die Philosophie (...) Kants nach, um ihre Funktion in Gestaltungsprozessen hervorzuheben. Im dritten Teil werden einige Aspekte der Schematismusund Konstruktionslehre Kants untersucht, um die Möglichkeitsräume des architektonischen Entwurfs und die Bedeutung einer transzendentalen Philosophie der Architektur aufzuzeigen. (shrink)