ABSTRACT Academic administration is not to be construed simply as a technical practice, the development of efficient management systems, nor as reactive, as response to the collective views of the academic community, nor in terms of academic leadership, the establishment and implementation of institutional aims. A full account of academic administration will provide a sense of the integral relationship between the academic administrator and the academic community. For that, a prior notion of the academic community is required. Such a notion, (...) giving a central place to structured discourse, can be derived from the German idea of the university and particularly from the writings of von Humboldt, Karl Jaspers and Jurgen Habermas. (shrink)

This article explores the civic republican conception of citizenship underlying the Labour government's programme of civil renewal and the introduction of education for democratic citizenship. It considers the importance of the cultivation of civic virtue through political participation for such developments and it reviews the research into how service learning linked to character education can lead to the civic virtue of duty or social responsibility.

Theory without concepts is blind. Concept without ideas is empty. Ideas lead a researcher to find some phenomenon. Certaintly, phenomenon isn’t come partially or separately. Every act, habit, mindset, and human behavior in everyday activity rise up categorization. The task of researcher is to find out that categorization. Behind that situation and absolutely when we involve with participant, sometimes we can’t avoid from our contruct of ideas or concepts. Sometimes between real context and research perspectives comes differing. So, the important (...) thing is how our theory can describe phenomenon and has clarity of definition in matter of terminology. (shrink)