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  1. Techno-Nationalism and the Construction of University Technology Transfer.Creso Sá, Andrew Kretz & Kristjan Sigurdson - 2013 - Minerva 51 (4):443-464.
    Our historical study of Canada’s main research university illuminates the overlooked influence of national identities and interests as forces shaping the institutionalization of technology transfer. Through the use of archival sources we trace the rise and influence of Canadian technological nationalism—a response to Canada’s perceived dependency on the United States’ science and technology. Technological nationalism provided a symbol for producing a shared understanding of the desirability and appropriateness of technology transfer that legitimated the commercial activities of university scientists.
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  • The emergence and evolution of the expression “conflict of interests” in science : A historical overview, 1880–2006.Yves Gingras & Pierre-Marc Gosselin - 2008 - Science and Engineering Ethics 14 (3):337-343.
    The tendency is strong to take the notion of “conflict of interests” for granted as if it had an invariant meaning and an ethical content independent of the historical context. It is doubtful however, from an historical and sociological point of view, that many of the cases now considered as instances of “conflicts of interests” would also have been conceived and perceived as such in, say, the 1930s. The idea of a “conflict of interests” presupposes that there are indeed interests (...)
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