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  1. Hypnotic behavior: A social-psychological interpretation of amnesia, analgesia, and “trance logic”.Nicholas P. Spanos - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):449-467.
    This paper examines research on three hypnotic phenomena: suggested amnesia, suggested analgesia, and “trance logic.” For each case a social-psychological interpretation of hypnotic behavior as a voluntary response strategy is compared with the traditional special-process view that “good” hypnotic subjects have lost conscious control over suggestion-induced behavior. I conclude that it is inaccurate to describe hypnotically amnesic subjects as unable to recall the material they have been instructed to forget. Although amnesics present themselves as unable to remember, they in fact (...)
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  • Eye movement analyses of strong and weak memories and goal-driven forgetting.Jonathon Whitlock, Yi-Pei Lo, Yi-Chieh Chiu & Lili Sahakyan - 2020 - Cognition 204:104391.
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  • Brief report forgetting “murder” is not harder than forgetting “circle”: Listwise-directed forgetting of emotional words.Ineke Wessel & Harald Merckelbach - 2006 - Cognition and Emotion 20 (1):129-137.
  • Attentional capacities have neurological basis.Edwin A. Weinstein - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):487-488.
  • Directed forgetting and feedback in written instruction.James M. Webb, William A. Stock, Raymond W. Kulhavy, Robert C. Haygood, D. N. D. Zulu & Daniel H. Robinson - 1990 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 28 (6):543-546.
  • Reconsidering unconscious persistence: Suppressing unwanted memories reduces their indirect expression in later thoughts.Yingying Wang, Andrea Luppi, Jonathan Fawcett & Michael C. Anderson - 2019 - Cognition 187 (C):78-94.
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  • Intentional Suppression Can Lead to a Reduction of Memory Strength: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Findings.Gerd T. Waldhauser, Magnus Lindgren & Mikael Johansson - 2012 - Frontiers in Psychology 3.
  • State versus nonstate paradigms of hypnosis: A real or a false dichotomy?Graham F. Wagstaff - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):486-487.
  • Instruction to forget lead to emotional devaluation.Ana B. Vivas, Alejandra Marful, Despina Panagiotidou & Teresa Bajo - 2016 - Cognition 150 (C):85-91.
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  • Using simulations to disprove hypnosis amnesia? Forget it.Geoffrey Underwood - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):485-486.
  • Hypnotic behavior dissected or … pulling the wings off butterflies.Dennis C. Turk & Thomas E. Rudy - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):485-485.
  • Painstaking reminders of forgotten trance logic.David Spiegel - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):484-485.
  • More on the social psychology of hypnotic responding.Nicholas P. Spanos - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):489-502.
  • Theories of hypnosis – useful or necessary paths to truth?Peter W. Sheehan - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):483-483.
  • What grandma thinks about hypnosis.John Sabini & Debra A. Kossman - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):481-482.
  • Nonsignificant relationships as scientific evidence.Robert Rosenthal - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):479-481.
  • Hypnotic phenomena: Who really sees the emperor's new clothes?Ted L. Rosenthal - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):481-481.
  • A context maintenance and retrieval model of organizational processes in free recall.Sean M. Polyn, Kenneth A. Norman & Michael J. Kahana - 2009 - Psychological Review 116 (1):129-156.
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  • Social and psychological influences on hypnotic behavior.Campbell Perry & Jean-Roch Laurence - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):478-479.
  • Long-Term Memory Updating: The Reset-of-Encoding Hypothesis in List-Method Directed Forgetting.Bernhard Pastötter, Tobias Tempel & Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
  • Can People Intentionally and Selectively Forget Prose Material?Bernhard Pastötter & Céline C. Haciahmet - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    List-method directed forgetting is the demonstration that people can intentionally forget previously studied information when they are asked to forget what they have previously learned and remember new information instead. In addition, recent research demonstrated that people can selectively forget when cued to forget only a subset of the previously studied information. Both forms of forgetting are typically observed in recall tests, in which the to-be-forgotten and to-be-remembered information is tested independent of original cuing. Thereby, both LMDF and selective directed (...)
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  • Hypnotic experience: A cognitive social-psychological reality.Martin T. Orne, David F. Dinges & Emily Carota Orne - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):477-478.
  • Hypnosis: Towards a rational explanation of irrational behaviour.Peter L. N. Naish - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):476-477.
  • The Many Faces of Part-List Cuing—Evidence for the Interplay Between Detrimental and Beneficial Mechanisms.Eva-Maria Lehmer & Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  • Does Amount of Pre-cue Encoding Modulate Selective List Method Directed Forgetting?Oliver Kliegl, Bernhard Pastötter & Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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  • Role playing versus response expectancy as explanations of hypnotic behavior.Irving Kirsch - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):475-476.
  • Strong inferences about hypnosis.John F. Kihlstrom - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):474-475.
  • Hypnosis: Artichoke or onion?Richard St Jean - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):482-482.
  • Suppression of novel stimuli: Changes in accessibility of suppressed nonverbalizable shapes.Rhiannon E. Hart & Jonathan W. Schooler - 2012 - Consciousness and Cognition 21 (3):1541-1546.
    Recently, a new method of considering successful intentional thought suppression has emerged. This method, the think/no-think paradigm has been utilized over a multitude of settings and has fairly robustly demonstrated the ability to interfere with memory recall. The following experiment examined the effect of intentional thought suppression on recognition memory of nonverbalizeable shapes. In this experiment, participants learned word–shape targets. For some of the pairs, they rehearsed the shape when presented with the word; for others, they suppressed the shape when (...)
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  • Explaining “virtuoso” hypnotic performance: Social psychology or experiential skill?Kenneth R. Graham - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):473-474.
  • Protecting against mental impasses: Evidence of selective retrieval mitigating the impact of fixation in creative problem solving.Paula Gauselmann, Christian Frings, Markus Schmidt & Tobias Tempel - 2023 - Cognition 239 (C):105547.
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  • Hypnosis and behavioral compliance: Is the cup half-empty or half-full?Frederick J. Evans - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):471-473.
  • The unified theory of repression.Matthew Hugh Erdelyi - 2006 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29 (5):499-511.
    Repression has become an empirical fact that is at once obvious and problematic. Fragmented clinical and laboratory traditions and disputed terminology have resulted in a Babel of misunderstandings in which false distinctions are imposed (e.g., between repression and suppression) and necessary distinctions not drawn (e.g., between the mechanism and the use to which it is put, defense being just one). “Repression” was introduced by Herbart to designate the (nondefensive) inhibition of ideas by other ideas in their struggle for consciousness. Freud (...)
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  • Hypnosis and social suggestibility.William E. Edmonston - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):470-471.
  • Cognitively induced analgesia and semantic dissociation.Nathan Brody - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):470-470.
  • Understanding reports of nonvolition.Patricia G. Bowers - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):469-470.
  • The “special-process” controversy: What is at issue?John O. Beahrs - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (3):467-468.
  • Part-list reexposure and release of retrieval inhibition.B. H. Basden, D. R. Basden & M. J. Wright - 2003 - Consciousness and Cognition 12 (3):354-375.
    In list-method directed forgetting, reexposure to forgotten List 1 items has been shown to reduce directed forgetting. proposed that reexposure to a few List 1 items only during a direct test of memory reinstates the entire List 1 episode. In the present experiments, part-list reexposure in the context of indirect as well as direct memory tests reduced directed forgetting. Directed forgetting was reduced when 50% or more of the items were reexposed, and was intact when only 25% were reexposed. Furthermore, (...)
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  • Selective memory retrieval in social groups: When silence is golden and when it is not.Magdalena Abel & Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml - 2015 - Cognition 140 (C):40-48.
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  • Control of conscious contents in directed forgetting and thought suppression.Tony Whetstone & Mark Cross - 1998 - PSYCHE: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Research On Consciousness 4.
    Directed forgetting is a successful method for thought control whereas thought suppression is notoriously ineffective. We tested a specific hypothesis about what difference between the two paradigms causes the difference in outcomes. Both paradigms instruct participants to suppress certain thoughts, but in thought suppression experiments participants are also told to report intrusions of unwanted thoughts. We added a condition to the typical directed forgetting experiment that instructed participants to report intrusions. When participants tried to forget a word list but also (...)
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