This paper aims to reconsider the so-called ‘comic heroism’ in Aristophanes’ extant plays. The comic hero does not always express the collective self-image, like Dicaeopolis in Acharnians and Trygaios in Peace; Knights, as early as 424 bc, is a telling instance of Aristophanes’ will to introduce a much more nuanced picture of both the imaginary and the real Athens. Clouds and Wasps also provide further variations. But the real turning point comes in 414 with Birds, whose much disputed political meaning (...) deserves the closest attention. After the ambiguous, disquieting Peisetaerus, comic heroes will not entirely disappear from Aristophanic comedy, yet their nature will never be the same again. Good ideas may come from a clever woman, a cowardly god, or even Apollo’s shrine, no longer from the Attic ‘common man’ of the earlier plays. The political evolution of Athens during the Peloponnesian War appears to have altered Aristophanes’ trust in some kind of ‘saviour’ emerging from the erratic mass of Athenian male citizens. (shrink)

In a letter written to Gadamer after receiving a copy of Truth and Method, Leo Strauss offered many criticisms with which Gadamer took issue. However, he acknowledged the important hint cited in the title. Perhaps strangely, Gadamer never took up this hint and showed very little interest in comedy throughout his Gesammelte Schriften. In this essay, I show that there are ample resources within Gadamerian hermeneutics to answer Strauss positively, also for a rich philosophy of comedy along Gadamerian lines. Toward (...) that end, I use Gadamer’s Aristotelian view of tragedy as a clue; interpretations of play, excess and delight (Ergötzen) also weave into the analyses. (shrink)

Las comedias de Aristófanes del periodo cleoniano, que se centran en polémicas políticas, emplean una misma técnica de apertura: el primer personaje protagónico que sale a escena en el prólogo representa la posición política defendida en la pieza y actúa como su principal portavoz. La prioridad en el orden de aparición genera en el público una empatía por los personajes que inauguran la obra porque estos acceden a un contacto inicial, cómplice, con el público y pueden asentar su postura antes (...) que los antagonistas, que siempre ocupan la escena con posterioridad. Además, gracias al carácter convencional del recurso, el espectador ya podría anticipar con seguridad, desde la apertura misma de la pieza, cuál sería la postura defendida en la obra. Este recurso contribuye, por lo tanto, a limitar las ambigüedades propias de toda ficción literaria, favorece la estrategia persuasiva de la pieza y genera efectos argumentativos sobre los espectadores. (shrink)

Este trabajo se propone demostrar que el personaje de Demóstenes cumple un papel central dentro de la estrategia persuasiva de la pieza, que intenta degradar la imagen pública de Cleón. En las obras tempranas, el héroe cómico suele ser el principal portavoz de la postura defendida en la obra; sin embargo, en Caballeros la imagen del héroe, el Morcillero, resulta al principio tan devaluada que debilita la fuerza argumentativa del ataque; en este sentido, Demóstenes actúa como un héroe provisorio y (...) un portavoz autorizado del enunciador-autor hasta que el Morcillero alcanza legitimidad y verdadera estatura heroica. This paper aims to demonstrate that the character of Demosthenes plays a central role in the persuasive strategy of the piece, which attempts to degrade the public image of Cleon. In the early works, the comic hero is usually the main spokesperson who defends the position maintained in the work; however, the image of the hero in Knights, the Sausage-Seller, is so devaluated at first that the argumentative force of the attack becomes weak; in this sense, Demosthenes acts as a provisional hero and authorized spokesman for the enunciatorauthor until the Sausage-Seller reaches more legitimacy and true heroic stature. (shrink)