En el presente artículo se despliega una revisión documental que tiene como objetivo fundamental, analizar la relevancia de las ciencias cognitivas en articulación con el ámbito educativo. En aras de reflexionar sobre la noción de sujeto, se determina importante revisar el discurso del neoliberalismo y su inscripción en el enigma de la subjetividad. Resignificar el factor de la experiencia humana implica sortear los desafíos de la visión biológica-reduccionista, para privilegiar la máxima del saber inconsciente. El recorrido hermenéutico de este documento (...) retoma un andamiaje interdisciplinario, cuya base es representada por disciplinas como la filosofía, las neurociencias y el psicoanálisis. En tal sentido, se considera necesario efectuar un cambio de paradigma que pondere la historia y constitución subjetiva, en contraposición de prácticas que degradan la singularidad del ser humano. Priorizar la influencia del entorno social en la vida de los educandos, aunado a salvaguardar su desarrollo mental, físico y psicológico, se perfila como un requisito clave para sostener un funcionamiento idóneo del sistema nervioso y construcción del psiquismo. Es imperativo extender el avance de las ciencias a los auspicios de las políticas públicas, vincular el conocimiento neurocientífico y condición subjetiva a los espacios de formación docente, supone un ejercicio de profilaxis educativa. (shrink)

Both a method of therapy and an exploration of psychic reality, free association is a fundamental element of psychoanalytical practices that refers to the way a patient is asked to describe what comes spontaneously to mind in the therapeutic setting. This paper examines the role of free association from the point of view of psychoanalysis and neuroscience in order to improve our understanding of therapeutic effects induced by psychoanalytic therapies and psychoanalysis. In this regard, we first propose a global overview (...) of the historical origins of the concept of free association in psychoanalysis and examine how Freud established its principles. Then, from Freud’s distinction between primary and secondary processes, we proceed to compare the psychoanalytic model with research originating from cognitive psychology and neuroscience. The notions of entropy and free energy appear particularly relevant at the intersection of these different domains. Finally, we propose the notion of symbolizing transmodality to describe certain specificities of symbolization processes within free association and we summarize the main functions of free association in psychoanalytic practices. (shrink)

Neural complexity and brain entropy have gained greater interest in recent years. The dynamics of neural signals and their relations with information processing continue to be investigated through different measures in a variety of noteworthy studies. The BEN of spontaneous neural activity decreases during states of reduced consciousness. This evidence has been showed in primary consciousness states, such as psychedelic states, under the name of “the entropic brain hypothesis.” In this manuscript we propose an extension of this hypothesis to physiological (...) and pathological aging. We review this particular facet of the complexity of the brain, mentioning studies that have investigated BEN in primary consciousness states, and extending this view to the field of neuroaging with a focus on resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. We first introduce historic and conceptual ideas about entropy and neural complexity, treating the mindbrain as a complex nonlinear dynamic adaptive system, in light of the free energy principle. Then, we review the studies in this field, analyzing the idea that the aim of the neurocognitive system is to maintain a dynamic state of balance between order and chaos, both in terms of dynamics of neural signals and functional connectivity. In our exploration we will review studies both on acute psychedelic states and more chronic psychotic states and traits, such as those in schizophrenia, in order to show the increase of entropy in those states. Then we extend our exploration to physiological and pathological aging, where BEN is reduced. Finally, we propose an interpretation of these results, defining a general trend of BEN in primary states and cognitive aging. (shrink)

Personalized Medicine is an evolving and often missinterpreted concept and no agreement of personalization exist. We examined the PM discourse towards foucauldian archeological and genealogical analysis to understand the meaning of “personalization” in medicine. In the archaeological analysis, the historical evolution is characterized by the coexistence of two epistemologies: the holistic vision and the omic sciences. The genealogical analysis shows how these epistemologies may affect the meaning of “person” and, consequently, the ontology of patients. Additionally, substitutions/confusions of the term PM (...) are related to continuously evolving medical knowledge and new technologies; different etymological roots of “personalization” and “person”; and cultural differences. In conclusion, if the definition of “personalization” in medicine is not clear, patients might get wrong expectations about what is achievable for their health. Therefore, epistemological trends should not be separated as they drive same goals: providing accurate diagnosis and treatments based on large data to predict disease progression. (shrink)