About this topic
Summary This category addresses the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679). The most famous aspect of Hobbes's work is his political philosophy, which is explained in Leviathan and elsewhere. But Hobbes, like many philosophers of his day, also worked on a wide variety of other issues. Thus this section includes works that address Hobbes's views on many topics outside political philosophy, including mind, language, and religion.
Key works Hobbes's most famous book, Leviathan, is available in a variety of editions, including MacPherson's Penguin edition, Curley's Hackett edition, which includes translations of variants in the Latin edition, and a new edition of both the English and Latin texts, edited by Malcolm as part of the Clarendon Edition of the works of Hobbes. Other works include (in recent editions and translations) Hobbes 1994, Hobbes 1998, Hobbes 1994, Hobbes 1994, and Hobbes 1981
Introductions Lloyd & Sreedhar 2008 is an introduction to Hobbes's moral and political philosophy.  Duncan 2009 is an introduction to other aspects of Hobbes's philosophy.
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  1. Republicanizing Leviathan: Kant’s Cosmopolitan Synthesis of Hobbes and Rousseau.Susan Meld Shell - forthcoming - Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society.
    Kant’s thought from the 1750s onward can usefully be understood as a series of efforts to overcome the challenge posed in Machiavelli’s Prince: namely, to reconcile our idea of justice with what is actually possible given human nature as it is, rather than as reason tells us that it “should” be. Especially following his reading of Rousseau, this effort took the form of successive translations of the metaphysical concept of a world into the juridical language of world-citizenship, which transformed a (...)
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  2. La vía antigua y la moderna para justificar lo peor. Los argumentos de Aristóteles y de Hobbes sobre la esclavitud.Julián Zícari - 2023 - Pensamiento 79 (303):387-408.
    El trabajo apunta a presentar los argumentos de Aristóteles y de Hobbes para justificar la esclavitud. Así, por un lado, se mostrará que Aristóteles intenta defender tal institución bajo argumentos de premisas naturalistas, aunque incongruentes con sus propios fundamentos filosóficos. Por el otro, se señalará que los argumentos de Hobbes apelan a la libertad y el consentimiento, llegando a establecer dos tipos de esclavitud, una de tipo voluntario y otra que no lo es. En consecuencia, con el contraste argumental de (...)
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  3. Slavery and Race: Philosophical Debates in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.Julia Jorati - forthcoming - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Philosophers from Europe and colonial America engaged in lively debates about the morality of slavery in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and these debates provide insights into the roots of modern racism. This book explores philosophical ideas, theories, and arguments that are central to early modern discussions of slavery. Some texts explicitly examine the morality of the transatlantic slave trade or of the enslavement of indigenous people in the Americas; others discuss slavery in predominantly theoretical ways. Based on these texts, (...)
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  4. What About Natural Law in Hobbes? Dialogue Between the Natural Law and the Legal Positivist Hypothesis.Carlo Crosato - 2023 - Jus Cogens 5 (2-3):195-227.
    Hobbes’ natural law theory has been discussed far and wide. Some interpreters ended up defining Hobbes as a natural law theorist, some others as a legal positivist. In this paper, I analyse the work of two important scholars, Howard Warrender and Norberto Bobbio, whose insights have stimulated an interesting debate about Hobbes’ political theory. Warrender gives God a central function in Hobbes’ political science. On his account, God is a lawmaker, his will is the source of a universal obligation, and (...)
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  5. Presupuestos Morales En El Estado de Naturaleza Hobbesiano.Luis Alberto Jiménez Morales - 2023 - Praxis Filosófica 57:e20612378.
    El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión del estado de la cuestión sobre el concepto de estado de naturaleza en el pensamiento de Thomas Hobbes. Dicha revisión permite articular una comprensión de la naturaleza humana, puesto que a diferencia del realismo político el estado de naturaleza en Hobbes no tiene un rol meramente hipotético. Precisamente, la idea de naturaleza humana articula una proto-moralidad que permite comprender la transición hacia el estado civil. Las investigaciones Kavka, Gauthier y Hampton han (...)
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  6. A Note from the Editor.Deborah Baumgold - 2023 - Hobbes Studies 36 (2):123-124.
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  7. Thomas Hobbes’ Invisible Things.Allan Gabriel Cardoso dos Santos - 2023 - Hobbes Studies 36 (2):156-174.
    Hobbes argues that among the reasons for the Catholic Church’s power is the difficulty for ignorant people to understand the causes of natural phenomena. They take the motion of invisible bodies for the intervention of incorporeal agents. For Hobbes, the Church tries to perpetuate this profitable misunderstanding by spreading Scholastic doctrines supporting this idea in the sermons of all the parishes of the Christian world. Existing literature, thus far, focused almost exclusively on Hobbes’ negative claim concerning incorporeal substances, i.e., that (...)
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  8. A Hobbesian Method for Establishing the Absurdity of Injustice Without Reliance on Hobbes’s Temporal Arguments.S. A. Lloyd - 2023 - Hobbes Studies 36 (2):141-155.
    The paper investigates Hobbes’s arguments that injustice is a kind of absurdity involving a “contradiction properly so called,” concluding that although those arguments are undermined by their reliance on a mistaken temporality assumption, Hobbes’s philosophy provides other means for establishing his desired conclusion.
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  9. Current Scholarship and Future Directions in Hobbes Studies.S. A. Lloyd - 2023 - Hobbes Studies 36 (2):213-220.
    Today the study of Hobbes is both reputable and flourishing, to judge by the numbers in recent years of publications, submissions, conferences, workshops, and sessions at professional meetings devoted to Hobbes, along with growing interest from scholars in China and Latin America. I recently conducted a survey of colleagues working on Hobbes; a non-scientific survey, it included scholars working in a variety of departments. This research note reports the views of more than three dozen respondents, who answered three questions: (1) (...)
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  10. Dictionnaire des philosophes français du XVIIe siècle: Acteurs et réseaux du savoir, written by Foisneau, Luc, et al.José Médina - 2023 - Hobbes Studies 36 (2):252-257.
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  11. Plague and the Leviathan.Daniel J. Kapust - 2023 - Hobbes Studies 36 (2):221-233.
    Building on a number of recent studies that have turned to Hobbes in light of covid-19, I explore the context of Hobbes’ own encounters with plague while at Oxford, along with efforts to mitigate plague by the regime of James I. I then explore what role his encounters with plague may have played as he wrote his philosophical masterpiece, Leviathan.
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  12. Hobbes on the Cause of Action: How to Rethink Practical Reasoning.Martine Pécharman - 2023 - Hobbes Studies 36 (2):125-140.
    In the free-will discussion between Hobbes and Bramhall, Hobbes’s principle that actions are necessary is not immediately action-theoretic. The fundamental theoretical context of Hobbes’s explanation of action lies in an understanding of causation more generally. However, Hobbes’s action theory is not simply modeled after the account of cause and effect in his First Philosophy. It introduces a temporal qualification which ranks necessitarianism higher than First Philosophy does: not only a voluntary action, but also the determinate moment when the mental act (...)
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  13. Civilization and Its Others: American Imaginaries, State of Nature, and Civility in Hobbes.Stephanie B. Martens - 2023 - Hobbes Studies 36 (2):175-196.
    Critical approaches to the canon of Western political and legal thought from the point of view of race or gender have developed in recent years, as have studies highlighting the connections between supposedly universalist philosophies and their role in sustaining or legitimizing imperial and colonial conquests. On social contract theory in particular, seminal works include Charles Mills’ The Racial Contract and Carole Pateman’s The Sexual Contract. The importance of this type of work cannot be understated, and Mills is right to (...)
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  14. The Long Arc of Legality: Hobbes, Kelsen, Hart, written by Dyzenhaus, David.Rosemarie Wagner - 2023 - Hobbes Studies 36 (2):235-243.
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  15. The Intersections of Knowledge: Hobbes, Mersenne, Descartes.Roger Ariew - 2023 - Hobbes Studies 36 (2):197-212.
    Gregorio Baldin’s book, La croisée des savoirs, concerns the intellectual relations among Hobbes, Mersenne, and Descartes. The study is limited to the time between 1634 and 1648, starting when Hobbes first met Mersenne in Paris and ending when Mersenne died. It covers three main topics. Part i is devoted to the relations maintained by Hobbes with the circle of Mersenne during 1634–1636, which Baldin thinks are essential for the development of Hobbes’ scientific thought. Part ii develops the theme of the (...)
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  16. Hobbes and the Democratic Imaginary, written by Holman, Christopher.Cesare Cuttica - 2023 - Hobbes Studies 36 (2):244-251.
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  17. ‘The Greeks Call It _Horme_ ’: Hobbes’ anti-Aristotelian account of human action.Erfan Xia - 2023 - History of European Ideas 49 (8):1316-1331.
    This essay reads Hobbes’ account of human action against Aristotle’s accounts of animal motion and human action, thus offering a new perspective for understanding Hobbes’ account and illuminating a neglected aspect of Hobbes’ relationship to Aristotle. I argue that the basic structure of Hobbes’ account is indebted to Aristotle’s account of animal motion, except that Hobbes purges the teleological elements from his predecessor and presents a picture that is mechanistic and explicitly deterministic. Moreover, while Aristotle introduces ‘deliberation’ as a way (...)
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  18. Entre Hobbese Foucault: Soberaniae Resistências.Gustavo Ruiz da Silva - 2023 - Aufklärung 10 (2):187-198.
    This article seeks to correlate some topics from Hobbes (especially the sovereignty problem) to reconstruct, in Foucault, the resistance problem. To this end, working with the state of nature example and with several commentators from both authors, an analysis will be carried out whose intersection point is the command­obedience pair, more specifically concerning the voice issue, such as referenced by Veyne. Merging two theoretical approaches, as far as Hobbes is concerned, a structural perspective was chosen, respecting the author's geometric methodology; (...)
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  19. Hobbes dans la Logique de Port-Royal.Hélène Bouchilloux - 2013 - L’Enseignement Philosophique 63 (1):4-18.
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  20. Descartes et Hobbes.Anne Staquet - 2011 - L’Enseignement Philosophique 61 (4):27-48.
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  21. Hobbes et Bentham, deux lectures politiques de saint Paul.Jean-Pierre Cléro - 2021 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 146 (3):361-379.
    Si Bentham s’oppose explicitement plus souvent à Hobbes qu’il ne lui donne raison, la dette qu’il contracte à son égard est beaucoup plus étendue qu’il ne le laisse paraître. Sans doute le primat des affaires civiles sur les affaires religieuses est incontestable chez les deux auteurs. Toutefois, si les ouvrages de Hobbes sont directement en prise sur la guerre civile qui sévit en Angleterre, l’œuvre de Bentham affronte un autre problème : est-il possible de rendre le christianisme compatible avec l’utilitarisme? (...)
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  22. L’international en question? Colonies, économie et commerce international chez Hobbes et Bentham.Benjamin Bourcier & Mikko Jakonen - 2021 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 146 (3):343-359.
    Souvent délaissée, la pensée politique de l’international chez Hobbes et Bentham recèle plus de points communs qu’on ne pourrait le penser. Pour reconstruire philosophiquement cette pensée, en s’attachant plus spécifiquement au rapport entre économie et politique, on explique d’abord leur commune opposition aux colonies et aux politiques étrangères bellicistes. On montre ensuite comment ils comprennent le commerce international, l’économie et le marché en relation avec l’État, et enfin qu’on ne saurait constituer une théorie politique internationale assurant la sécurité, la paix (...)
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  23. Donner forme au peuple. Principe majoritaire et multitude chez Hobbes et Bentham.Ludmilla Lorrain - 2021 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 146 (3):327-342.
    Entre l’œuvre de Hobbes et celle de Bentham, la proximité conceptuelle est grande : l’un et l’autre semblent réfléchir depuis un vocabulaire partagé. Suivre cette proximité conduit notamment à révéler l’importance, dans leurs théories politiques respectives, de la règle de majorité, déterminante dans le processus qui permet de constituer le peuple. Hobbes transforme l’accord majoritaire à l’entrée en société en unanimité proclamée, tandis que Bentham fait de la règle de majorité l’outil permettant de donner une consistance immanente à l’unité du (...)
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  24. Hobbes, Bentham et la Common Law.Christophe Béal - 2021 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 146 (3):311-325.
    La doctrine classique de la Common Law est la cible de nombreuses critiques de la part de Hobbes et de Bentham. Tous deux remettent en cause les principes qui fondent et justifient cette composante fondamentale du droit anglais. Sont notamment visés le caractère coutumier qui lui est attribué, sa prétendue rationalité ainsi que l’interprétation qu’en font les juges. Moment décisif dans l’histoire des théories du droit, cette controverse tend à faire prévaloir l’idée d’un droit créé par un acte de volonté (...)
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  25. Hobbes/Bentham. Influences et modernité anglaise.Benjamin Bourcier & Mikko Jakonen - 2021 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 146 (3):307-310.
    Alors que plus d’un siècle sépare Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) et Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), leurs philosophies respectives entretiennent des rapports étroits qui, bien qu’ils aient souvent retenu l’attention des historiens de la philosophie et commentateurs, n’ont jamais été étudiés spécifiquement. On cherche ici à pallier ce manque par une étude des rapports entre Hobbes et Bentham dans le champ de la philosophie politique, juridique et morale. On espère ainsi expliquer les points communs, influences, réappropriations, différences et oppositions existant entre ces deux (...)
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  26. Hobbes and the Wolf-Man: Melancholy and Animality in Modern Sovereignty.Diego Rossello - 2012 - New Literary History 43 (2):255-279.
  27. La Representación en el Leviatán de Hobbes: la metamorfosis del hombre natural en persona civil: the metamorphosis of natural man in civil person.Christian David Núñez Prado - 2021 - Revista Filosofía Uis 21 (1):267-286.
    El propósito de esta investigación radica en determinar el rol unificador entre estado de naturaleza y Estado civil de la representación desarrollado en el capítulo XVI del Leviatán. La representación es un momento de transición entre estado natural y Estado civil: donde lo simbólico toma el lugar de la racionalidad práctica y se sedimenta como lo real para los hombres. Es por la capacidad de crear personas artificiales que los hombres pueden atribuir libremente predicados a cosas que no los tienen (...)
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  28. Hobbes On Scientific Happiness.Yuval Eytan - 2023 - Philosophical Papers 52 (1):1-32.
    1. Nicholas Robbins argues that, like many other thinkers, Hobbes adopted the monster genre narrative. The commonwealth is interpreted as representing humanity, which is frequently threatened not o...
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  29. Hobbes.Richard Tuck - 1989 - New York: Oxford University Press.
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  30. The Governing of Opinions: Hobbes on How Civic Education and Censorship Impact Subjects’ Deliberation.Mariana Kuhn de Oliveira - 2022 - Disputatio 14 (67):395-410.
    Thomas Hobbes’s most important recommendations for a sovereign reader concerned the governing of opinion. Due to the spread of false doctrines and their powerful champions, Hobbes was afraid that subjects would have opinions contrary to the maintenance of peace. His solution comprehended a combination of civic education and censorship. This text explains how Hobbes justifies his recommendations from the perspective of individual deliberation. It argues that Hobbes conceived censoring circulating doctrines as a way of keeping subjects’ minds like clean paper, (...)
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  31. Man and Citizen: (De Homine and De Cive).Bernard Gert (ed.) - 1991 - Hackett Publishing Company.
    A reprint of the 1972 Doubleday edition. Contains the most helpful version of Hobbes's political and moral philosophy available in English. Includes the only English translation of De Homine, chapters X-XV. Features the English translation of De Cive attributed to Hobbes.
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  32. The State-Society syncretism in Thomas Hobbes’ theory of social contract.Ivan Sergeevich Golubev - 2023 - Известия Саратовского Университета: Новая Серия. Серия Философия. Психология. Педагогика 23 (3):258-261.
    Introduction. The article analyzes the state-society relationship in the theory of social contract by T. Hobbes. The etatist interpretation of his socio-political doctrine, widespread in Russian philosophical thought, fundamentally opposing society to the state, does not seem to reflect the understanding of their relationship. From our point of view this is inherent in the contractual theory of the English thinker. Theoretical analysis. The author shows that the original conceptual and theoretical principles of T. Hobbes are the unity of sociogenesis and (...)
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  33. Cudworth, Ralph.Andrea Strazzoni - 2016 - In Marco Sgarbi (ed.), Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy. Cham: Springer. pp. 923-926.
    Ralph Cudworth was an expounder of “Cambridge Platonism.” His main tenet is that natural phenomena cannot be explained only by the principles of mechanism; therefore, the existence of a “plastic nature,” which orders the world in accordance with divine decrees, has to be postulated. The order of creation, in turn, does not depend only on divine will but also on the essences present in God’s intellect. These essences can be known through the notions innate to human soul, which recollects them (...)
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  34. Cavendish, Margaret.Andrea Strazzoni - 2016 - In Marco Sgarbi (ed.), Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy. Cham: Springer. pp. 663-665.
    Margaret Cavendish was a philosopher and writer active in mid-seventeenth century England. She is important not just as one of the first women active in philosophy in early modern age but as the expounder of an original scientific theory based on vitalism and materialism, by which she rejected the mechanical philosophy of Descartes and Hobbes and the experimental philosophy of Boyle and Hooke. Also, while not developing a theory of gender equality, she envisaged a form of emancipation of women based (...)
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  35. Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan: zur Logik des politischen Körpers.Thomas Schneider - 2003 - Springe: Zu Klampen!.
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  36. Hobbes on Powers, Accidents, and Motions.Stewart Duncan - manuscript
    Draft for Bender and Perler (ed.), Powers and Abilities in Early Modern Philosophy. Thomas Hobbes often includes powers and abilities in his descriptions of the world. Meanwhile, Hobbes’s philosophical picture of the world appears quite reductive, and he seems sometimes to say that nothing exists but bodies in motion. In more extreme versions of such a picture, there would be no room for powers. Hobbes is not an eliminativist about powers, but his view does tend toward ontological minimalism. It would (...)
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  37. Was Thomas Hobbes the first biopolitical thinker?Samuel Lindholm - 2023 - History of the Human Sciences 36 (3-4):221-241.
    Thomas Hobbes's name often comes up as scholars debate the history of biopower, which regulates the biological life of individual bodies and entire populations. This article examines whether and to what extent Hobbes may be regarded as the first biopolitical philosopher. I investigate this question by performing a close reading of Hobbes's political texts and by comparing them to some of the most influential theories on biopolitics proposed by Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, Roberto Esposito, and others. Hobbes is indeed the (...)
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  38. Stewart Duncan, Materialism from Hobbes to Locke, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2022, 233 p. [REVIEW]Philippe Hamou - 2023 - Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 119 (3):443-445.
  39. Aux sources de la démocratie anglaise: de Thomas Hobbes à John Locke.Myriam-Isabelle Ducrocq - 2012 - Villeneuve d'Ascq, France: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion.
    Avec sa succession de bouleversements institutionnels, le dix-septième siècle anglais fut un fabuleux terrain d'expérimentation et de réflexion politique d'où surgirent les grandes théories modernes. A cette période, philosophes et acteurs engagés tentèrent de penser, avec une acuité particulière liée aux événements (guerres civiles, régicide, république, dictature), les tensions inhérentes au pouvoir, tout à la fois perçu comme contraignant, tyrannique et libérateur. Quatre d'entre eux ont été retenus : Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), le théoricien de l’absolutisme, James Harrington (1611-1677), le républicain (...)
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  40. Hobbes's peace dividend.Tom Sorell - 2021 - History of Philosophy Quarterly 38 (2):137-154.
    Hobbes thinks that people who submit to government can not only hope for, but actually experience, something they recognize as a good life. The good life involves the exercise of harmless liberty—activity that the sovereign should not prohibit. The exchange of harmless liberty in the commonwealth for ruthless self-protection in the state of nature is what might be called Hobbes's peace dividend: the liberty of ordinary citizens to buy, sell, choose, and practice a trade as a source of income, and (...)
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  41. Mozi, Hobbes, Locke and the state of nature.Al Martinich & Siwing Tsoi - 2013 - In Jon D. Carlson & Russell Arben Fox (eds.), The State of Nature in Comparative Political Thought: Western and Non-Western Perspectives. Lexington Books.
  42. Dawlat al-būlīs: qirāʼah fī ṭabīʻat al-dawlah al-ḥadīthah min khilāl Hūbz.Muḥammad Raḥmūnī - 2015 - Tūnis: Dār Saḥar lil-Nashr.
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  43. Die Frage nach Gerechtigkeit: Platons Politeia I und die Gerechtigkeitstheorien von Aristoteles, Hobbes und Nietzsche.Raul Heimann - 2015 - Berlin: Duncker Und Humblot.
  44. Hobbes: great thinkers on modern life.Hannah Dawson - 2015 - New York, NY: Pegasus Books LLC.
    Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher who was roiled by the bloodshed and turmoil of the English Civil War. During this period of ceaseless in-fighting, he wrote his masterpiece, Leviathan, which established the foundation for Western political thought. His work has inspired both hate and awe, as he reveals the darker side of human nature and the value of authority. Though he claims man's nature is inherently competitive and selfish, he also shows us how to utilize these traits to our (...)
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  45. Hobbes's Peace Dividend.Tom Sorell - 2021 - History of Philosophy Quarterly 38 (2):137-154.
    Hobbes thinks that people who submit to government can not only hope for, but actually experience, something they recognize as a good life. The good life involves the exercise of harmless liberty—activity that the sovereign should not prohibit. The exchange of harmless liberty in the commonwealth for ruthless self-protection in the state of nature is what might be called Hobbes's peace dividend: the liberty of ordinary citizens to buy, sell, choose, and practice a trade as a source of income, and (...)
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  46. I've got a little list" : classification, explanation, and the focal passions in Descartes and Hobbes.Amy Schmitter - 2017 - In Alix Cohen & Robert Stern (eds.), Thinking about the Emotions : A Philosophical History. Oxford University Press.
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  47. Where is my mind?: locating the mind metaphysically in Hobbes.Amy M. Schmitter - 2018 - In Rebecca Copenhaver (ed.), Philosophy of Mind in the Early Modern and Modern Ages (The History of the Philosophy of Mind, Band 4).
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  48. Hobbes on the power to punish.Mariana Kuhn de Oliveira - 2023 - History of European Ideas 49 (6):959-971.
    Hobbes’s account of the sovereign’s right to punish in Leviathan has led to a longstanding interpretive dispute. The debate is prompted by the fact that, prima facie, Hobbes makes two inconsistent claims: subjects (i) authorize all the acts of the sovereign, and are hence authors of their own punishment, yet (ii) have the liberty to resist such punishment. I argue that attending to Hobbes’s surprisingly neglected account of power yields a novel interpretation of his theory of punishment. Hobbes, it turns (...)
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  49. Spazio pubblico e trascendenza.Matteo Negro - 2020 - Roma: Studium edizioni.
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  50. Gens genti lupa: Thomas Hobbes e le relazioni internazionali.Davide Ragnolini - 2021 - Soveria Mannelli: Rubbettino.
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