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Testimony
Edited by Peter Graham (University of California, Riverside)
About this topic
| Summary | Beliefs are often based on assertions by others: that is, on testimony. This phenomenon raises many questions. How wide is the range of testimony-based beliefs? Do all assertions play the same epistemic role, or do some assertive speech acts play special roles? Can mathematical, moral, religious, or aesthetic knowledge be transferred? A major issue in the epistemology of testimony concerns the rational role of testimony. How does comprehending an assertion rationally support a belief? According to reductionism, it provides no support; comprehension is rationally inert. The recipient must have independent rational grounds to believe the assertion. Anti-reductionism disagrees: comprehension provides prima facie, defeasible rational support. Reductionism is accused of being too demanding, anti-reductionism of being too permissive. Another issue concerns the transmission of knowledge. Is knowledge transferred from sender to receiver? Is knowledge in the chain of sources essential for the uptake of knowledge, or can assertive communication sometimes generate knowledge? |
| Key works | Coady 1992 is a classic book-length treatment of nearly all the major issues. Burge 1993 is a rewarding and influential anti-reductionist account. Graham 2010 is an empirically informed, proper functioning anti-reductionist account. Fricker 1994 levels the charge of excessive permissiveness against anti-reductionism. Goldberg & Henderson 2006 articulates the standard, anti-reductionist response. Moran 2005 emphasizes the interpersonal role of telling in favor of anti-reductionism. Lackey 1999 and Graham 2006 argue that testimony sometimes generates knowledge. In recent books, Lackey 2008 and Faulkner 2011 both argue, in very different ways, for a middle path between reductionism and anti-reductionism. |
| Introductions | Adler 2006 is Jonathan Adler's revised and comprehensive Stanford Encyclopedia entry. Lackey 2010 is a concise and informative survey. |
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- Effective Filtering: Language Comprehension and Testimonial Entitlement.J. P. Grodniewicz - 2023 - Philosophical Quarterly 74 (1):291-311.It is often suggested that we are equipped with a set of cognitive tools that help us to filter out unreliable testimony. But are these tools effective? I answer this question in two steps. Firstly, I argue that they are not real-time effective. The process of filtering, which takes place simultaneously with or right after language comprehension, does not prevent a particular hearer on a particular occasion from forming beliefs based on false testimony. Secondly, I argue that they are long-term (...)
- To a Common Missionary Testimony: Possibilities and Limits. A Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church, Point of View.Marius Florescu - 2020 - Religious dialogue and cooperation 1:63-73.
- Hidden Depths: Testimonial Injustice, Deep Disagreement, and Democratic Deliberation.Aidan McGlynn - 2023 - International Journal of Philosophical Studies 31 (3):361-381..Deep disagreements are those involving a disagreement about (relatively) fundamental epistemic principles. This paper considers the bearing of testimonial injustice, in Miranda Fricker’s sense, on the depth of disagreements, and what this can teach us about the nature and significance of deep disagreements. I start by re-evaluating T. J. Lagewaard’s recent argument that disagreements about the nature, scope, and impact of oppression will often be deepened by testimonial injustice, since the people best placed to offer relevant testimony will be subject (...)
- Over-Appreciating Appreciation.Rebecca Wallbank & Jon Robson - 2022 - In Jeremy Wyatt, Julia Zakkou & Dan Zeman (eds.), Perspectives on Taste. New York: Routledge. pp. 40-57.Aestheticians have had a great deal to say recently in praise of (aesthetic) appreciation. This enthusiastic appreciation for appreciation may seem unsurprising given the important role it plays in many of our aesthetic practices, but we maintain that some prominent aestheticians have overstated the role of appreciation (and, perhaps more importantly, understated the role of other elements we will discuss) when it comes to the exercise of aesthetic taste. This is not, of course, to deny the obvious fact that appreciation (...)$42.36 new (collection) View on Amazon.comRemove from this list Direct downloadExport citation
Bookmark - Testimony, Authorless Text, and Tradition: Toward Hermeneutic Pluralism.Purushottama Bilimoria - 2023 - In Vestrucci Andrea (ed.), Beyond Babel: Religion and Linguistic Pluralism. Springer Verlag. pp. 191-212.Ever since some traditional protagonists made the intriguing claim that the Vedas (canonical Brahmāṇical texts) are an inviolable resource of authority on significant matters, extensive debate has raged in Indian thought as to whether word can rightfully be accepted as pramāṇa or autonomous mode of knowing; in western epistemological terms, as testimony? At the mundane level the doctrine underscores the capacity of language, i.e., words and sentences (sabda), to disseminate knowledge from speaker/author to hearer/audience; at a transcendental level it adverts (...)$119.02 new (collection) View on Amazon.comRemove from this list Direct downloadExport citation Bookmark
- Hot-cold empathy gaps and the grounds of authenticity.Grace Helton & Christopher Register - 2023 - Synthese 202 (5):1-24.Hot-cold empathy gaps are a pervasive phenomena wherein one’s predictions about others tend to skew ‘in the direction’ of one’s own current visceral states. For instance, when one predicts how hungry someone else is, one’s prediction will tend to reflect one’s own current hunger state. These gaps also obtain intrapersonally, when one attempts to predict what one oneself would do at a different time. In this paper, we do three things: We draw on empirical evidence to argue that so-called hot-cold (...)
- Attentional Discrimination and Victim Testimony.Ella Whiteley - forthcoming - Philosophical Psychology.Sometimes, a form of discrimination is hard to register, understand, and articulate. A rich precedent demonstrates how victim testimonies have been key in uncovering such ‘hidden’ forms of discrimination, from sexual harassment to microaggressions. I reflect on how this plausibly goes too for a new hypothesised form of ‘attentional discrimination’, referring to cases where the more meaningful attributes of one social group are made salient in attention in contrast to the less meaningful attributes of another. Victim testimonies understandably dominate the (...)
- Default Positions in Clinical Ethics.Parker Crutchfield, Tyler Gibb & Michael Redinger - 2023 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 34 (3):258-269.Default positions, predetermined starting points that aid in complex decision-making, are common in clinical medicine. In this article, we identify and critically examine common default positions in clinical ethics practice. Whether default positions ought to be held is an important normative question, but here we are primarily interested in the descriptive, rather than normative, properties of default positions. We argue that default positions in clinical ethics function to protect and promote important values in medicine—respect for persons, utility, and justice. Further, (...)
- Moral Testimony and Collective Moral Governance.Iskra Fileva - 2023 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 101 (3):722-735.1. If you tell me that it’s raining outside, I would, presumably, be justified in acquiring the belief that it is raining on the basis of your say-so.1 But if you tell me that some war is unjust or...
- Testimonial knowledge and content preservation.Joey Pollock - 2023 - Philosophical Studies 180 (10):3073-3097.Most work in the epistemology of testimony is built upon a simple model of communication according to which, when the speaker asserts that p, the hearer must recover this very content, p. In this paper, I argue that this ‘Content Preservation Model’ of communication cannot bear the weight placed on it by contemporary work on testimony. It is popularly thought that testimonial exchanges are often successful such that we gain a great deal of knowledge through testimony. In addition, the testimonial (...)
- Knowledge and Testimony in African Communitarian Epistemology.Anselm Kole Jimoh - 2023 - In Björn Freter, Elvis Imafidon & Mpho Tshivhase (eds.), Handbook of African Philosophy. Springer Verlag. pp. 223-243.This chapter is a critical analysis of knowledge and testimony in African communitarian epistemology (ACE). The aim is to explicate the meaning and nature of knowledge and argue that the testimony of elders is a genuine source of knowledge and justification in ACE. The African knowledge system is grounded on African ontology. ACE is the study of the indigenous ways of knowing representative of the sub-Sahara African. It studies the specific ways and means by which Africans arrive at, and justify (...)$284.99 new (collection) View on Amazon.comRemove from this list Direct downloadExport citation Bookmark
- The epistemology of social facts: the evidential value of personal experience versus testimony.Georg Meggle - 2002 - In Social Facts and Collective Intentionality. pp. 43-51.
- The Double-Mirror Gaze, Transcoded Testimony, and Disqualified Witnesses in the Talmud.Iddo Dickmann - 2023 - Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy 31 (2):127-162.I will argue that the underlying rationale for the talmudic list of trades disqualified from legal testimony is aesthetic. These trades involved professional mimicry, which as such incapacitated what R. Neis has termed “homovisuality” or self-referential witnessing in the Talmud. Reading talmudic laws of conjoined testimony and the induction of witnesses in light of Deleuze’s and Blanchot’s philosophy, I will argue that homovisuality entailed the witness’s reincarnation as the subject of the event, thus re-signifying rather than reporting the event. The (...)
- Promising by Normative Assurance.Luca Passi - 2023 - Philosophical Quarterly 73 (4):1004-1023.This paper develops a new theory of the morality of promissory obligations. T. M. Scanlon notoriously argued that promising consists in assuring the promisee that we will do something. I disagree. I argue that it is true that promising consists in assuring the promisee, but what the promisor gives to the promisee is not an assurance that they will do something, but that the normative situation is in a certain way.
- Discerning Parish Faith Through Testimony: Insights From Charismatic Renewal.Jordan Pullicino - 2023 - New Blackfriars 104 (1113):573-587.The synodal way invites the Church to understand itself as the People of God journeying together in faith. Giving testimony is proposed here as a way of reflecting upon that journey. The Charismatic practice of giving testimony is examined as a form of reflexive faith experience. Examined in terms of witness, desire and story, the faith experience of the individual is explored for its communal, ecclesial context, and the theological contribution it makes. The discernment that links personal, spiritual experience to (...)
- Rethinking Amidah and partisan testimony from the non-Jewish resistance member’s writings of Anna Pawełczyńska.Adele Valeria Messina - forthcoming - History of European Ideas.This article juxtaposes Anna Pawełczyńska’s writings with the works of Meir Dworzecki and Dov Levin. It will adopt a threefold analytical lens: first, using Pawełczyńska’s writings to reassess the conception of the early resistance that Dworzecki elaborated, second utilising Dworzecki’s viewpoint as a means to articulate Pawełczyńska’s perspective of Amidah, and then looking at Levin’s perspective on Pawełczyńska’s use of partisan testimony as a historical source. The main aims are to contribute to today’s debates on the Jewish resistance and the (...)
- ʻEdut hi matsav nafshi: ḥaṿayat ha-ʻedut be-mabaṭ filosofi, sifruti u-psikhoʼanaliṭi = Testimony is a state of mind: the experience of testimony and witnessing in a philosophical, literary and psychoanalytic perspective.Zipora Rosenberg Schipper - 2020 - Yerushalayim: Karmel.
- Part Four : Epistemology and Injustice. Epistemic Degradation and Testimonial Injustice / Geoff Pynn ; My Body as a Witness : Bodily Testimony and Epistemic Injustice.José Medina & Tempest Henning - 2021 - In Jennifer Lackey (ed.), Applied Epistemology. Oxford University Press.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Language.Joseph Shieber - 2023 - In Aaron Garrett & James A. Harris (eds.), Scottish Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century, Volume 2: Method, Metaphysics, Mind, Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 327-364.
- Witnessing, Trans-“Species” Trauma Testimony, and Sticky Wounds in Contemporary Australian Poetry.Meera Atkinson - 2023 - Angelaki 28 (4):76-89.Literary trauma theory has traditionally been a humanist concern, and the concept of witnessing, so central to the theorization of trauma, has focused on human experience and relationships. This article stages an interdisciplinary intervention by conceptualizing trans-“species” trauma testimony as a literary encounter involving a double-layered witnessing; the human artist witnessing nonhuman animals’ witnessing to the failings and crises brought about by human society. Focusing on a selection of contemporary Australian poems, a view emerges of poetic witnessing and testimony that (...)
- Documenting Wordless Testimony.Jon L. Pitt - 2023 - Angelaki 28 (4):61-75.This article considers what it means to give plants a voice as witnesses to nuclear events. It examines two texts that attempt to represent the nonverbal testimony of irradiated plants through a hybrid approach of text and image: Sugihara Rieko’s Pilgrimage to the A-Bombed Trees (Hibakuju junrei, 2015) and Michael Marder and Anaïs Tondeur’s The Chernobyl Herbarium: Fragments of an Exploded Consciousness (2016). Published a year apart, both texts focus on the afterlife of nuclear catastrophes: the atomic bombing of Hiroshima (...)
- Evidence, Testimony, and Trust: How the COVID-19 Pandemic is Exacerbating the Crisis of Trust in Science.Clarisse Paron - 2021 - The Canadian Society for Study of Practical Ethics / Société Canadienne Pour L'étude de L'éthique Appliquée 6:1-18.In this paper, I consider an example of fast science produced in the early stages of the pandemic and the lasting effects of the study on public safety and trust in science. Due to pressures intrinsic to contemporary science and from the pandemic to produce research on COVID quickly, studies on COVID-19 that did not meet rigorous scientific standards were used to form public health policies and recommendations. I argue that the fast science produced for COVID-19, which caused many public (...)
- Las noticias son veraces… presuntamente.Montserrat Crespin Perales - 2023 - The Conversation.Una parte de la legitimación de los medios de comunicación reposa en el crédito que la ciudadanía les concede en calidad de fuentes confiables de conocimiento. En el caso de las noticias y los informativos opera la presunción de veracidad y, en menor medida, la prudencia escéptica.
- Trauma, Trust, & Competent Testimony.Goldwasser Seth & Springle Alison - 2023 - Philosophical Psychology:1-29.Public discourse implicitly appeals to what we call the “Traumatic Untrustworthiness Argument” (TUA). To motivate, articulate, and assess the TUA, we appeal to Hawley’s (2019) commitment account of trust and trustworthiness. On Hawley’s account, being trustworthy consists in the successful avoidance of unfulfilled commitments and involves three components: the actual avoidance of unfulfilled commitments, sincerity in one’s taking on elective commitments, and competence in fulfilling commitments one has incurred. In contexts of testimony, what’s at issue is the speaker’s competence and (...)
- Experiential Knowledge: The Knowledge of "What It's Like".Devora Shapiro - 2010 - Dissertation, University of MinnesotaRemove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- El debate en torno al reduccionismo y antireduccionismo de la justificación en la epistemología del testimonio.Felipe Álvarez - 2022 - Cazamoscas 12 (13):38-48.En este trabajo pretendo señalar en qué consiste el debate entre reduccionismo y antireduccionismo respecto de la justificación testimonial en la epistemología del testimonio. Para esto, se procederá de la siguiente manera: se expondrá las consideraciones epistemológicas de Hume y Reid sobre el testimonio para dar cuenta del reduccionismo y el antireducionismo en filosofía de la modernidad-temprana; por otra parte, se expondrá cómo se ha desarrollado dicho debate en la epistemología contemporánea. De esta manera, se pretende presentar una visión sistemática (...)
- The representational structure of linguistic understanding.J. P. Grodniewicz - forthcoming - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.The nature of linguistic understanding is a much-debated topic. Among the issues that have been discussed, two questions have recently received a lot of attention: (Q1) ‘Are states of understanding direct (i.e. represent solely what is said) or indirect (i.e. represent what is said as being said/asserted)?’ and (Q2) ‘What kind of mental attitude is linguistic understanding (e.g. knowledge, belief, seeming)?’ This paper argues that, contrary to what is commonly assumed, there is no straightforward answer to either of these questions. (...)
- Miracles and Testimony: A Reply to Wiebe.Robert Larmer - 1996 - In Robert A. Larmer (ed.), Questions of Miracle. Carleton University Press. pp. 121-131.
- Trust, Distrust, and ‘Medical Gaslighting’.Elizabeth Barnes - 2023 - Philosophical Quarterly 73 (3):649-676.When are we obligated to believe someone? To what extent are people authorities about their own experiences? What kind of harm might we enact when we doubt? Questions like these lie at the heart of many debates in social and feminist epistemology, and they’re the driving issue behind a key conceptual framework in these debates—gaslighting. But while the concept of gaslighting has provided fruitful insight, it's also proven somewhat difficult to adjudicate, and seems prone to over-application. In what follows, I (...)
- Historical Epistemology and Analytic Philosophy: The Path of a Singular Synthesis. Testimony of a Former Doctoral Student.Élodie Giroux - 2023 - In Pierre-Olivier Méthot (ed.), Philosophy, History and Biology: Essays in Honour of Jean Gayon. Springer Verlag. pp. 289-295.The goal of this chapter is to describe the philosophical style of Jean Gayon through my own experience as a Ph.D. student. I show how Gayon’s work represents a unique synthesis of two main traditions in philosophy of science: analytical Anglo-American philosophy of sciencePhilosophy of science (Anglo-American) and biology and French historical epistemologyGayon, JeanOn historical epistemology. HisHistorical epistemology openness and curiosity towards the Anglo-American tradition led him to believe that a genuine dialogue between these traditions could benefit both. Jean also (...)
- Testimony as Joint Activity.Nicolas Nicola - 2023 - Dissertation, University of MiamiTestimony is of epistemic and practical significance. It is of epistemic significance because majority of what we know and believe comes from being told. It is of practical significance because our agency can be undermined, bypassed, or overridden owing to systemic prejudices sustained by oppressive social or cultural practices and subsequently our routes to knowledge are either hindered or distorted. Things get more complicated when we introduce and examine how groups and other collectives testify and are recipients of testimony. For (...)
- Basic Beliefs, Testimony, and Blind-Trust.David Eng - 2005 - In René Woudenberg, Sabine Roeser & Ron Rood (eds.), Basic Belief and Basic Knowledge: Papers in Epistemology. De Gruyter. pp. 251-268.
- Religious Belief and Evidence from Testimony.John Greco - 2011 - In Dariusz Lukasiewicz & Roger Pouivet (eds.), The Right to Believe: Perspectives in Religious Epistemology. De Gruyter. pp. 27-46.
- Meaning, Communication and Knowledge by Testimony.Douglas Patterson - 2012 - In Richard Schantz (ed.), Prospects for Meaning. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 449-478.
- Violence and Testimony: On Sacrificing Sacrifice.Hent De Vries - 1997 - In Hent de Vries & Samuel Weber (eds.), Violence, Identity, and Self-Determination. Stanford University Press. pp. 14-43.(collection) View on Amazon.comRemove from this list Direct downloadExport citation Bookmark 2 citations
- Search Engines, White Ignorance, and the Social Epistemology of Technology.Joshua Habgood-Coote - manuscriptHow should we think about the ways search engines can go wrong? Following the publication of Safiya Noble’s Algorithms of Oppression (Noble 2018), a view has emerged that racist, sexist, and other problematic results should be thought of as indicative of algorithmic bias. In this paper, I offer an alternative angle on these results, building on Noble’s suggestion that search engines are complicit in a racial contract (Mills 1990). I argue that racist and sexist results should be thought of as (...)
- Engagement Account of Aesthetic Value.C. Thi Nguyen - 2023 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 81 (1):91-93.I propose an account of aesthetic value, where aesthetic value lies in the process of aesthetic engagement: in our activity of perceiving, guiding our attention, interpreting, and otherwise wrestling with aesthetic objects. It also includes our social activities of engagement: arguing with each other, writing criticism, making top-ten lists. (This is a short summary of a view developed in greater detail elsewhere.).
- How MSH Design Interdisciplinarity. Testimony of an Active Director.Nicolas Thély - 2023 - In Olga Pombo, Klaus Gärtner & Jorge Jesuíno (eds.), Theory and Practice in the Interdisciplinary Production and Reproduction of Scientific Knowledge: ID in the XXI Century. Springer Verlag. pp. 157-168.It has become a ritual: every 6 months, I meet the 15 members of the Scientific Council of the Maison des sciences de l’homme en Bretagne (MSHB) for the labelling committee. These researchers in political science, philosophy, geography, archaeology, psychology and sociology are French, Spanish, Portuguese and Swiss. Around the huge meeting table, we also find the administrative manager of the MSHB, the six engineers (digital humanities, data processing and analysis, editing, project manager), and the communication officer. Like me, they (...)$103.33 new (collection) View on Amazon.comRemove from this list Direct downloadExport citation Bookmark
- Fairness in Criminal Appeal. A Critical and Interdisciplinary Analysis of the ECtHR Case-Law.Helena Morão & Ricardo Tavares da Silva (eds.) - 2023 - Springer International.This book addresses the European Court of Human Rights’ fairness standards in criminal appeal, filling a gap in this less researched area of studies. Based on a fair trial immediacy requirement, the Court has found several violations of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights at the appellate level by at least eighteen States of the Council of Europe in a vast array of cases, particularly in contexts of first instance acquittals overturning and of sentences increasing on appeal. (...)
- Neuroscience of Memory and Philosophy of Knowledge Challenges to Immediacy.Tavares da Silva Ricardo - 2023 - In Helena Morão & Ricardo Tavares da Silva (eds.), Fairness in Criminal Appeal. A Critical and Interdisciplinary Analysis of the ECtHR Case-Law. Springer International. pp. 163-176.Are there any special reasons, in terms of epistemic reliability, that support the demand, advocated by the ECtHR, that personal evidence be provided again in Criminal Appeal, having the appeal court to hear the witnesses and the defendant directly? Namely, are there epistemic considerations to prefer direct contact with witnesses over accessing visual and audio recordings of their intervention in first instance? Can testimony and, with it, memory bring out information in a cognitive agent with complete security? Or are they (...)$103.31 new (collection) View on Amazon.comRemove from this list Direct downloadExport citation Bookmark
- Linguistic Understanding and Testimonial Warrant.Joey Pollock - 2021 - Erkenntnis 88 (2):457-477.How much linguistic understanding is required for testimonial knowledge acquisition? One answer is that, so long as we grasp the content expressed by the speaker, it does not matter if our understanding of it is poor. Call this the ‘Liberal View’ of testimony. This approach looks especially promising when combined with the thesis that we share a public language that makes it easy to grasp the right content. In this paper, I argue that this picture is epistemically problematic. Poor linguistic (...)
- Ability, Knowledge, and Non-paradigmatic Testimony.Keith Raymond Harris - forthcoming - Episteme:1-19.Critics of virtue reliabilism allege that the view cannot account for testimonial knowledge, as the acquisition of such knowledge is creditable to the testifier, not the recipient's cognitive abilities. I defend virtue reliabilism by attending to empirical work concerning human abilities to detect sincerity, certainty, and seriousness through bodily cues and properties of utterances. Then, I consider forms of testimony involving books, newspapers, and online social networks. I argue that, while discriminatory abilities directed at bodily cues and properties of utterances (...)
- Prejudice, Harming Knowers, and Testimonial Injustice.Timothy Perrine - 2023 - Logos and Episteme 14 (1):53-73.Fricker‘s Epistemic Injustice discusses the idea of testimonial injustice, specifically, being harmed in one‘s capacity as a knower. Fricker‘s own theory of testimonial injustice emphasizes the role of prejudice. She argues that prejudice is necessary for testimonial injustice and that when hearers use a prejudice to give a deficit to the credibility of speakers hearers intrinsically harm speakers in their capacity as a knower. This paper rethinks the connections between prejudice and testimonial injustice. I argue that many cases of prejudicial (...)
- Public artifacts and the epistemology of collective material testimony.Quill R. Kukla - 2022 - Philosophical Issues 32 (1):233-252.
- Introduction to 'Scientific Testimony: Its roles in science and society'.Mikkel Gerken - 2022 - Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.This is the Introduction and Chapter 1.1 of the book ‘Scientific Testimony. Its roles in science and society’ (OUP 2022). The introduction contains a brief survey of the book’s chapters and main conclusions, which I hope will be useful to the curious ones.
- Literary Mediation, Responsibility, and Ethical Understanding of the Afflicted Other: A Philosophy of Testimonial Narrative.Natan Elgabsi - 2021 - Internationales Jahrbuch für Hermeneutik 20:143–169.Many of our hermeneutic, literary critic, and poststructuralist ideas on mediation imply that the medium determines how a textual or narrative account must be taken. In contrast to these, Émmanuel Lévinas suggests that responsibility for the other person is not determined by the medium. Responsibility is already established in proximity to the other person; a relationship that we as moral subjects need to ethically understand. In relation to Primo Levi’s memoir of survival in Auschwitz, If this is a Man, this (...)Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Faith, Wisdom, and the Transmission of Knowledge through Testimony.Eleonore Stump - 2014 - In Timothy O'Connor & Laura Frances Callahan (eds.), Religious Faith and Intellectual Virtue. Oxford, UK: pp. 204-230.$134.65 new (collection) View on Amazon.comRemove from this list Direct downloadExport citation Bookmark 1 citation
- Judging Expert Testimony: From Verbal Formalism to Practical Advice.Susan Haack - unknownAppraising the worth of others’ testimony is always complex; appraising the worth of expert testimony is even harder; appraising the worth of expert testimony in a legal context is harder yet. Legal efforts to assess the reliability of expert testimony—I’ll focus on evolving U.S. law governing the admissibility of such testimony—seem far from adequate, offering little effective practical guidance. My purpose in this paper is to think through what might be done to offer courts more real, operational help. The first (...)
- Loose Canons: The Epistemic Problems of Scriptural Testimony.Asha Lancaster-Thomas - 2022 - Essays in Philosophy.In Abrahamic theism scripture is essential to belief-forming, yet scripture as an epistemic evidence source is plagued with difficulties. In the following article, I argue for a specific reductionist model of scriptural proposition justification utilising an account of scripture as testimony. I contend that for an individual to be justified in a belief sourced from a scriptural proposition, she must appeal to external evidence to “prop up her epistemic bar.” Accordingly, I consider some potential “epistemic bar-proppers.”.
- Databases, Science Communication, and the Division of Epistemic Labour.Nicola Mößner - 2022 - Axiomathes 32 (Suppl. 3):853–870.There are many ways in which biases can enter processes of scientific reasoning. One of these is what Ludwik Fleck has called a “harmony of illusions”. In this paper, Fleck’s ideas on the relevance of social mechanisms in epistemic processes and his detailed description of publication processes in science will be used as a starting point to investigate the connection between cognitive processes, social dynamics, and biases in this context. Despite its usefulness as a first step towards a more detailed (...)
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