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  1. Rethinking the History of Peptic Ulcer Disease and its Relevance for Network Epistemology.Bartosz Radomski, Dunja Šešelja & Naumann Kim - forthcoming - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences.
    The history of the research on peptic ulcer disease is characterized by a premature abandonment of the bacterial hypothesis, which subsequently had its comeback, leading to the discovery of Helicobacter pylori – the major cause of the disease. In this paper we examine the received view on this case, according to which the primary reason for the abandonment of the bacterial hypothesis in the mid-twentieth century was a large-scale study by a prominent gastroenterologist Palmer, which suggested no bacteria could be (...)
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  2. A Divine Punishment? Leprosy in the Reflections of Moses Maimonides.Marienza Bendetto - 2024 - In Alessandro Palazzo & Francesca Bonini, Medical and Philosophical Perspectives on Illness and Disease in the Middle Ages. Firenze-Parma, Torino: E-theca OnLineOpenAccess Edizioni, Università degli Studi di Torino. pp. 132-156.
    The article aims to examine Maimonides’ investigation of leprosy. Re-reading the passages in Leviticus in which the issue is dealt with, Maimonides insists in his Mišneh Torah on the punitive scope of leprosy: it is simply the punishment that, following a series of warnings, God inflicts on those who have been guilty of the sin of turpitude. The strictly moral dimension is complemented by something else, however, in the Guide of the Perplexed, in which Maimonides attempts to explain the epidemic (...)
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  3. Prognostication and Medical Astrology in 14th-Century Italy: Three Case Studies.Francesca Bonini - 2024 - In Alessandro Palazzo & Francesca Bonini, Medical and Philosophical Perspectives on Illness and Disease in the Middle Ages. Firenze-Parma, Torino: E-theca OnLineOpenAccess Edizioni, Università degli Studi di Torino. pp. 264-293.
    This article examines the late-medieval plague tractate by Augustine of Trento, an Augustinian friar who addressed the matter of plague before the Black Death of 1347/1348. I will investigate Augustine’s astrological approach to the prognostication, prevention, and cure of the plague epidemic. Further, I will compare his work to the Compendium medicinalis astrologiae, composed by the Dominican Niccolò de Paganica in 1330, and to the consilia produced by the master of medicine Gentile da Foligno in 1348. This double comparison will (...)
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  4. Leprosy and Inherited Diseases in 13th-Century Discussions on the Original Sin.Amalia Cerrito - 2024 - In Alessandro Palazzo & Francesca Bonini, Medical and Philosophical Perspectives on Illness and Disease in the Middle Ages. Firenze-Parma, Torino: E-theca OnLineOpenAccess Edizioni, Università degli Studi di Torino. pp. 187-217.
    This essay explores the theoretical treatment of leprosy in 13th-century theological discussions on the transmission of the original sin. According to scholastic theologians, both the existence of the original sin and its transmission from parents to progeny were factual truths, whose dynamics could be explained by analogy with inherited diseases, such as leprosy. Different uses of natural philosophy and medicine in discussing the transmission of leprosy will be shown in theological and biblical-exegetical works of William of Auvergne, Roland of Cremona, (...)
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  5. Medicina e “medicina spirituale”: alcuni casi (secoli XII-XV).Chiara Crisciani - 2024 - In Alessandro Palazzo & Francesca Bonini, Medical and Philosophical Perspectives on Illness and Disease in the Middle Ages. Firenze-Parma, Torino: E-theca OnLineOpenAccess Edizioni, Università degli Studi di Torino. pp. 157-186.
    In this essay I examine some instances of the relations between body and soul and between health and salvation in the development of the ‘medicine of the soul’, that is ‘spiritual medicine’ (12th–15th centuries). In particular, I examine texts by theologians and men of Church – Hugo de Fouilloy, Alanus de Insulis, Humbert de Romans, Nicola of Occam, Giovanni da S. Gimignano, Bartolomeo da Ferrara and Jean Gerson – in which aspects of secular medicine are used for ethical and spiritual (...)
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  6. Gentile da Foligno’s Consilium contra pestilentiam and its Hebrew Translation.Diana Di Segni - 2024 - In Alessandro Palazzo & Francesca Bonini, Medical and Philosophical Perspectives on Illness and Disease in the Middle Ages. Firenze-Parma, Torino: E-theca OnLineOpenAccess Edizioni, Università degli Studi di Torino. pp. 218-263.
    Due to his first-hand experience with the Black Death, the Italian physician Gentile da Foligno (d. 1348) became a famous authority in this field. He devoted various writings to the pestilence; one of them was a Consilium addressed to the city of Pisa. This same Advice on the Plague was then rendered into Hebrew by an anonymous translator. The practical character of the Consilium, which contains numerous instructions and recipes to prevent contagion and treat the disease, might have aroused the (...)
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  7. Please wear a mask: a systematic case for mask wearing mandates.Roberto Fumagalli - 2024 - Journal of Medical Ethics 50 (7):501-510.
    This paper combines considerations from ethics, medicine and public health policy to articulate and defend a systematic case for mask wearing mandates (MWM). The paper argues for two main claims of general interest in favour of MWM. First, MWM provide a more effective, just and fair way to tackle the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic than policy alternatives such as laissez-faire approaches, mask wearing recommendations and physical distancing measures. And second, the proffered objections against MWM may justify some exemptions for specific categories (...)
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  8. Leprosy (al-ǧuḏām) and Smallpox (al-ǧudarī) in the Kitāb al-Malakī and its Two Latin Translations.Anna Gili - 2024 - In Alessandro Palazzo & Francesca Bonini, Medical and Philosophical Perspectives on Illness and Disease in the Middle Ages. Firenze-Parma, Torino: E-theca OnLineOpenAccess Edizioni, Università degli Studi di Torino. pp. 70-107.
    The contribution aims to analyze the pathology of leprosy (al-ǧuḏām) and smallpox (al-ǧudarī) in the Arabic medical encyclopedia Kitāb al-Malakī, composed by the physician ʿAlī ibn al-ʿAbbas al-Maǧūsī, and in its two Latin translations, the Pantegni by Constantine the African and the Liber Regalis by Stephen of Antioch. The study of the Arabic text shows that the etiology of these diseases involves an interplay of different factors, including contagion, and explains to what extent the Kitāb al-Malakī presents original doctrines. Secondly, (...)
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  9. Undermining autonomy and consent: the transformative experience of disease.Bjørn Hofmann - 2024 - Journal of Medical Ethics 50 (3):195-200.
    Disease radically changes the life of many people and satisfies formal criteria for being a transformative experience. According to the influential philosophy of Paul, transformative experiences undermine traditional criteria for rational decision-making. Thus, the transformative experience of disease can challenge basic principles and rules in medical ethics, such as patient autonomy and informed consent. This article applies Paul’s theory of transformative experience and its expansion by Carel and Kidd to investigate the implications for medical ethics. It leads to the very (...)
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  10. Stewardship and social justice: implications of using the precautionary principle to justify burdensome antimicrobial stewardship measures.Tess Johnson - 2024 - Monash Bioethics Review 1 (1).
    Antimicrobial resistance has been termed a ‘silent pandemic’, a ‘hidden killer.’ This language might indicate a threat of significant future harm to humans, animals, and the environment from resistant microbes. If that harm is uncertain but serious, the precautionary principle might apply to the issue, and might require taking ‘precautionary measures’ to avert the threat of antimicrobial resistance, including stewardship interventions like antibiotic prescription caps, bans on certain uses in farming sectors, and eliminating over-the-counter uses of antibiotics. The precautionary principle (...)
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  11. Ethical issues in Nipah virus control and research: addressing a neglected disease.Tess Johnson, Euzebiusz Jamrozik, Tara Hurst, Phaik Yeong Cheah & Michael J. Parker - 2024 - Journal of Medical Ethics 50 (9):612-617.
    Nipah virus is a priority pathogen that is receiving increasing attention among scientists and in work on epidemic preparedness. Despite this trend, there has been almost no bioethical work examining ethical considerations surrounding the epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of Nipah virus or research that has already begun into animal and human vaccines. In this paper, we advance the case for further work on Nipah virus disease in public health ethics due to the distinct issues it raises concerning communication about the (...)
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  12. Coercive public health policies need context-specific ethical justifications.Tess Johnson, Lerato Ndlovu, Omolara O. Baiyegunhi, Wezzie S. Lora & Nicola Desmond - 2024 - Monash Bioethics Review 1:1-22.
    Public health policies designed to improve individual and population health may involve coercion. These coercive policies require ethical justification, and yet it is unclear in the public health ethics literature which ethical concepts might justify coercion, and what their limitations are in applying across contexts. In this paper, we analyse a number of concepts from Western bioethics, including the harm principle, paternalism, the public interest, and a duty of easy rescue. We find them plausible justifications for coercion in theory, but (...)
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  13. Medical and Philosophical Perspectives on Illness and Disease in the Middle Ages.Alessandro Palazzo & Francesca Bonini (eds.) - 2024 - Firenze-Parma, Torino: E-theca OnLineOpenAccess Edizioni, Università degli Studi di Torino.
    During the Middle Ages, physicians, philosophers, and theologians developed a complex and rich discourse on the concept of sickness. Illness (infirmitas) was perceived as the natural state of existential imperfection for homo viator, fallen due to sin and impaired in his bodily integrity. Leprosy, smallpox, plague and the other collective diseases that constantly plagued medieval societies prompted reflections on etiology and modes of transmission of epidemics. Building on Galenic teachings, medieval medicine – both Arabic and Latin – delved into the (...)
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  14. Science, Medicine, and the Aims of Inquiry: A Philosophical Analysis.Somogy Varga - 2024 - New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.
    Amid criticism of medicine's scientific rigor and patient care, this book offers a philosophical examination of the nature and aims of medicine, and new perspectives on how these challenges can be addressed. It offers input for rethinking the agenda of medical research, healthcare delivery, and the education of healthcare personnel.
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  15. Irritability (Need) and An-irritability (Fatigue): A Disorder of Rhythms – the Ontological Burnout (Part A).Marina Christodoulou - 2023 - Filosofiya-Philosophy 32 (2):203-213.
    In this paper, I propose to bring forward the symptom of fatigue, and/ or exhaustion and burnout, brought up by the social-cultural speeds, rhythms, and acceleration, that manifests not only as quotidian tiredness and fatigue but also as what I will call an ontological burnout, that is, as an exhaustion of being as being. I will also refer to the concept of irritability and how I associate it with need, and to the concept of an-irritability (the absence of irritability) and (...)
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  16. Pathologies of motion: historical thinking in medicine, aesthetics, and poetics.Kevis Goodman - 2023 - New Haven: Yale University Press.
    An original study of late Enlightenment aesthetics, poetics, and environmental medicine as overlapping ways of comprehending the dislocations of historical existence lodged in the movements of bodies and minds This book studies later eighteenth-century medicine, aesthetics, and poetics as overlapping forms of knowledge increasingly concerned about the relationship between the geographical movements of persons displaced from home and the physiological or nervous "motions" within their bodies and minds. Looking beyond familiar narratives about medicine and art's shared therapeutic and harmonizing ideals, (...)
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  17. Rare Disease, Advocacy and Justice: Intersecting Disparities in Research and Clinical Care.Meghan C. Halley, Colin M. E. Halverson, Holly K. Tabor & Aaron J. Goldenberg - 2023 - American Journal of Bioethics 23 (7):17-26.
    Rare genetic diseases collectively impact millions of individuals in the United States. These patients and their families share many challenges including delayed diagnosis, lack of knowledgeable providers, and limited economic incentives to develop new therapies for small patient groups. As such, rare disease patients and families often must rely on advocacy, including both self-advocacy to access clinical care and public advocacy to advance research. However, these demands raise serious concerns for equity, as both care and research for a given disease (...)
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  18. “In aria sana”: Conceptualising Pathogenic Environments in the Popular Press: Northern Italy, 1820s–1840s.Marco Emanuele Omes - 2023 - Centaurus 65 (1):91-120.
    By the end of the 1820s, an innovative product was introduced in the northern Italian editorial market: technical and popular periodicals offering “useful knowledge” to a larger audience composed of members of the provincial middle-class, clergymen, and modestly educated craftsmen. By examining their medical content, this paper shows that popularisation did not merely entail disseminating a set of stable, unanimous, and trustworthy medical doctrines; rather, it represented a crucial step in the making of science during a period in which medical (...)
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  19. Rare Disease Research.Francesc Palau & Carmen Ayuso - 2023 - In Erick Valdés & Juan Alberto Lecaros, Handbook of Bioethical Decisions. Volume I: Decisions at the Bench. Springer Verlag. pp. 123-143.
    We address ethical issues in the field of rare diseases (RDs) focusing on four aspects that are relevant for research and translation into clinical practice. First, the reuse of personal, health and genomic data, for research purposes, beyond the main purpose for which they were collected. Later, three aspects related to fundamental parts of clinical medicine such as diagnosis, treatment and prevention in relation to RDs. In this context, we address ethical aspects of research and its practical application that have (...)
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  20. Prevention of Disease and the Absent Body: A Phenomenological Approach to Periodontitis.Dylan Rakhra & Māra Grīnfelde - 2023 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 48 (3):299-311.
    A large part of the contemporary phenomenology of medicine has been devoted to accounts of health and illness, arguing that they contribute to the improvement of health care. Less focus has been paid to the issue of prevention of disease and the associated difficulty of adhering to health-promoting behaviours, which is arguably of equal importance. This article offers a phenomenological account of this disease prevention, focusing on how we—as embodied beings—engage with health-promoting behaviours. It specifically considers how we engage with (...)
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  21. Severity as a moral qualifier of malady.Carl Tollef Solberg, Mathias Barra, Lars Sandman & Bjorn Hoffmann - 2023 - BMC Medical Ethics 24 (1):1-7.
    The overarching aim of this article is to scrutinize how severity can work as a qualifier for the moral impetus of malady. While there is agreement that malady is of negative value, there is disagreement about precisely how this is so. Nevertheless, alleviating disease, injury, and associated suffering is almost universally considered good. Furthermore, the strength of a diseased person’s moral claims for our attention and efforts will inevitably vary. This article starts by reflecting on what kind of moral impetus (...)
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  22. An account of medical treatment, with a preliminary account of medical conditions.Steven Tresker - 2023 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 44 (6):607-633.
    In this article, I present a philosophical account of medical treatment. In support of this account, I offer a suggestive account of medical conditions. The account of medical treatment uses three desiderata to demarcate treatment from non-treatment. Namely, a treatment should: (1) be describable by features that enable it to be standardized and characterized as a discrete intervention, (2) target a specific medical condition, and (3) have the possibility of being effective. The account of medical conditions underlies the second desideratum (...)
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  23. Stigmas of disease and poverty: A Historical a priori of Modern Discourse.С. И Бояркина - 2023 - Siberian Journal of Philosophy 20 (3):57-72.
    The article dwells on the history of the formation of multiple stigmas of sick/poor people. The author describes medical and status characteristics that predetermine attitudes towards potential or real carriers of infectious diseases and poverty. Historical examples of the stigmatization of certain social groups in the era of the greatest epidemiological trouble until the middle of the 19th century are described.A content analysis of the discourse is carried out. It was based on the materials of a modern online publication and (...)
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  24. Cultural evolution: The third component of mental illness heritability.Davide Amato - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45:e154.
    Uchiyama et al. provide a theoretical framework to explain the gap between reported gene–environment interactions and real-life epidemiological statistics. Through cultural evolution, informed behavioral approaches mitigate the impact of environmental risk on disease onset. Similarly, here we propose that fostering certain behavioral traits, transmitted culturally or through access to scientific knowledge, could confer resilience to mental illnesses such as schizophrenia.
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  25. ‘Lose weight, save the NHS’: Discourses of obesity in press coverage of COVID-19.Gavin Brookes - 2022 - Critical Discourse Studies 19 (6):629-647.
    This article examines the discourses that are used by the British press to represent obesity in its coverage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Obesity is understood to be a risk factor for COVID-19, with people with obesity being more likely to die from the virus. This study adopts a corpus-based approach to Critical Discourse Studies and utilises a novel approach to keyword analysis, based on comparing analysis corpora against two reference corpora in order to yield keywords that are, in this (...)
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  26. Disease mongering y la epidemia de la depresión: una revisión histórica del desarrollo del tratamiento psiquiátrico de la depresión y su relación con el proceso de promoción de enfermedades.Alberto Monterde Fuertes - 2022 - Eikasia Revista de Filosofía 107:57-92.
    Desde mediados del siglo XX ha aumentado progresivamente la incidencia y prevalencia de la depresión y se ha llegado a considerar que existe una epidemia de depresión. Los autores que han analizado esta idea consideran que la evidencia no avala tales extremos, pero señalan diferentes factores explicativos propios del desarrollo histórico de la psiquiatría, de su situación interna y de su relación con la sociedad. Tales explicaciones guardan similitud con las características propias de un proceso de disease mongering que se (...)
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  27. Direct Medical Costs of Tetanus, Dengue, and Sepsis Patients in an Intensive Care Unit in Vietnam.Trinh Manh Hung, Nguyen Van Hao, Lam Minh Yen, Angela McBride, Vu Quoc Dat, H. Rogier van Doorn, Huynh Thi Loan, Nguyen Thanh Phong, Martin J. Llewelyn, Behzad Nadjm, Sophie Yacoub, C. Louise Thwaites, Sayem Ahmed, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Hugo C. Turner & Vietnam I. C. U. Translational Applications Laboratory - 2022 - Frontiers in Public Health 10:893200.
    Background: Critically ill patients often require complex clinical care by highly trained staff within a specialized intensive care unit (ICU) with advanced equipment. There are currently limited data on the costs of critical care in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to investigate the direct-medical costs of key infectious disease (tetanus, sepsis, and dengue) patients admitted to ICU in a hospital in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam, and explores how the costs and cost drivers can vary between the (...)
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  28. Doctor, Medicine and Therapy in the Old Testament.Adrian Vasile - 2022 - Dialogo 8 (2):81-89.
    In the books of the Old Testament there are several references to the person who provides healing and to cases of illness or advice for the care of the sick. The presence of disease is often correlated with the reality of sin (especially in the prophetic books), just as the absence of disease and infirmity is a true eschatological symbol of universal restoration, when no man will suffer from disease. The Holy Scripture, especially the Old Testament, describes numerous occasions when (...)
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  29. COVID-19 as the underlying cause of death: disentangling facts and values.Maria Cristina Amoretti & Elisabetta Lalumera - 2021 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 43 (1):1-4.
    In the ongoing pandemic, death statistics influence people’s feelings and government policy. But when does COVID-19 qualify as the cause of death? As philosophers of medicine interested in conceptual clarification, we address the question by analyzing the World Health Organization’s rules for the certification of death. We show that for COVID-19, WHO rules take into account both facts and values.
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  30. Hilary A. Smith. Forgotten Disease: Illnesses Transformed in Chinese Medicine. (Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University.) x + 232 pp., notes, bibl., index. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2017. £20.99 (paper); ISBN 9781503603448. [REVIEW]Eric I. Karchmer - 2021 - Isis 112 (1):170-171.
  31. Causation and Causal Selection in the Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease.Hane Htut Maung - 2021 - European Journal of Analytic Philosophy 17 (2):5-27.
    In The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease, Derek Bolton and Grant Gillett argue that a defensible updated version of the biopsychosocial model requires a metaphysically adequate account of disease causation that can accommodate biological, psychological, and social factors. This present paper offers a philosophical critique of their account of biopsychosocial causation. I argue that their account relies on claims about the normativity and the semantic content of biological information that are metaphysically contentious. Moreover, I suggest that these claims are (...)
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  32. Diseases in ancient Rome - (c.) cerchiai manodori sagredo malattie E pandemie nell'antica Roma. Cicerone, plinio, svetonio, catone, tacito, marziale, plauto, seneca et alii. (Studia archaeologica 240.) Pp. XII + 189, ills. Rome: ‘L'erma’ di bretschneider, 2020. Paper, €130. Isbn: 978-88-913-2064-3. [REVIEW]Julia Mebane - 2021 - The Classical Review 71 (2):474-476.
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  33. Nipping Diseases in the Bud? Ethical and Social Considerations of the Concept of ‘Disease Interception’.Jonas Narchi & Eva C. Winkler - 2021 - Public Health Ethics 14 (1):100-108.
    ‘Disease interception’ describes the treatment of a disease in its clinically inapparent phase and is increasingly used in medical literature. However, no precise definition, much less an ethical evaluation, has been developed yet. This article starts with a definition of ‘disease interception’ by distinguishing it from other preventions. It then analyses the ethical and social implications of the concept in light of the four principles of medical ethics by Beauchamp and Childress. The term ‘disease interception’ refers to a form of (...)
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  34. Hysteria: Crime, Media, and Politics.Marc Schuilenburg & Vivien D. Glass - 2021 - Routledge.
    According to the medical world, hysteria is a thing of the past, an outdated diagnosis that has disappeared for good. This book argues that hysteria is in fact alive and well. Hyperventilating, we rush from one incident into the next - there is hardly time for a breather. From the worldwide run on toilet paper to cope with coronavirus fears to the overheated discussions about immigration and overwrought reactions to the levels of crime and disorder around us, we live in (...)
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  35. Mental Health Without Well-being.Sam Wren-Lewis & Anna Alexandrova - 2021 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 46 (6):684-703.
    What is it to be mentally healthy? In the ongoing movement to promote mental health, to reduce stigma, and to establish parity between mental and physical health, there is a clear enthusiasm about this concept and a recognition of its value in human life. However, it is often unclear what mental health means in all these efforts and whether there is a single concept underlying them. Sometimes, the initiatives for the sake of mental health are aimed just at reducing mental (...)
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  36. Enactivism, Causality, and Therapy.Shaun Gallagher - 2020 - Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 27 (1):27-28.
    In 1937, John Dewey delivered a lecture to the College of Physicians in Saint Louis. His clear message was that in the practice of medicine it does not suffice for physicians to treat just the body, or to look to just the body for the mechanism of disease. Emphasizing the relational nature of organism-environment, he argued that the physician must treat the whole patient and must therefore consider the environment of the patient. It makes no sense, he suggested, to provide (...)
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  37. Hair, Hormones, and Haunting: Race as a Ghost Variable in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Brandon Kramer & Elizabeth Carlin - 2020 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 45 (5):779-803.
    In this paper, we examine how polycystic ovary syndrome is racialized in biomedical research. Drawing from Star’s seminal concept of triangulation, we analyze how the diagnostic criteria for PCOS combine two different biomarkers: body hair and testosterone. Hair and hormones are both haunted by their use in eugenic research, and as clinical measures, they can carry forward powerful narratives of biological difference. PCOS researchers circulate strong claims about racial difference in hirsutism as if they were established knowledge, sometimes calling for (...)
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  38. Why have Non-communicable Diseases been Left Behind?Florencia Luna & Valerie A. Luyckx - 2020 - Asian Bioethics Review 12 (1):5-25.
    Non-communicable diseases are no longer largely limited to high-income countries and the elderly. The burden of non-communicable diseases is rising across all country income categories, in part because these diseases have been relatively overlooked on the global health agenda. Historically, communicable diseases have been prioritized in many countries as they were perceived to constitute the greatest disease burden, especially among vulnerable and poor populations, and strategies for prevention and treatment, which had been successful in high-income settings, were considered feasible and (...)
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  39. Philosophy of immunology.Bartlomiej Swiatczak & Alfred I. Tauber - 2020 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2020.
    Philosophy of immunology is a subfield of philosophy of biology dealing with ontological and epistemological issues related to the studies of the immune system. While speculative investigations and abstract analyses have always been part of immune theorizing, until recently philosophers have largely ignored immunology. Yet the implications for understanding the philosophical basis of organismal functions framed by immunity offer new perspectives on fundamental questions of biology and medicine. Developed in the context of history of medicine, theoretical biology, and medical anthropology, (...)
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  40. Finding Deborah: Centering Patients and Placing Emotion in the History of Disease.Courtney E. Thompson - 2020 - Isis 111 (4):826-829.
  41. Immunity in Light of Spinoza and Canguilhem.Hidetaka Yakura - 2020 - Philosophies 5 (4):38.
    All living organisms are under stress imposed by their surrounding environments. They must adapt to their stressors to live and survive. At the forefront of this adaptation is a defense system called immunity. Immunity, as the most ancient cognitive apparatus with memory function, is present in all living organisms. In previous reports, minimal cognitive function was defined as a “biologized” concept—namely, perception of elements in a milieu, integration of perceived information, reaction according to integrated information, and memory of that experience. (...)
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  42. Domenico Bertoloni Meli. Visualizing Disease: The Art and History of Pathological Illustrations. xvi + 224 pp., figs., notes, bibl., index. Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press, 2018. $55 . ISBN 9780226110295. [REVIEW]Marco Bresadola - 2019 - Isis 110 (2):382-383.
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  43. Frailty and Fragility: Framing a Diagnostic Category.Ruth Groenhaut - 2019 - International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics 12 (2):1-17.
    Frailty has recently become a medical category with physical symptoms that define its diagnosis. This paper uses the resources of an ethics of care to analyze the relationship between frailty and fragility or vulnerability, the positives of frailty becoming a diagnostic category, and some problematic aspects of the same process.
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  44. Bioethics and neglected diseases.Miguel Kottow - 2019 - New York: Nova Medicine & Health.
    Neglected diseases are severe conditions that mainly affect the world's poorest people. Those suffering from neglected diseases are mostly suffering from tropical infections that have failed to receive priority in pharmaceutical research and development programs, as well as in public health policies aimed at improving availability and access to preventive, diagnostic and curative medicine. The World Health Organization has issued a number of documents directing attention to the plight affecting one third of the world's population, assisted by active support from (...)
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  45. Domenico Bertoloni Meli, Visualizing Disease: The Art and History of Pathological Illustration , 288 pp., 36 color plates, 36 halftones, $55.00 Cloth, ISBN: 978226110295. [REVIEW]Rebecca Messbarger - 2019 - Journal of the History of Biology 52 (1):207-208.
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  46. Misdiagnosing medicalization: penal psychopathy and psychiatric practice.David Showalter - 2019 - Theory and Society 48 (1):67-94.
    This article offers a critique and reconstruction of the concept of medicalization. Most researchers describe medicalization as the redefinition of social problems as medical concerns, and track its spread by the proliferation of disease language and diagnostic categories. Forensic psychiatry and disorders like psychopathy are often cited in these debates. I argue that focusing on discourse overlooks how medical language can justify or mask non-medical practices and outcomes, and lead researchers to identify medicalization where it has not occurred. Building on (...)
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  47. Hilary A. Smith, Forgotten Disease: Illness Transformed in Chinese Medicine. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2017. Pp. 232. ISBN 978-1-5036-0344-8. $24.95. [REVIEW]Emma Stirling-Middleton - 2019 - British Journal for the History of Science 52 (1):165-167.
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  48. Poison and Disease in Anglo-Saxon Medicine and Metaphor.Claire Whitenack - 2019 - Dissertation, Cornell University
    Poison and Disease in Anglo-Saxon Medicine and Metaphor bridges a gap between scholarship on medieval medicine and literary analysis of Anglo-Saxon literature by examining the relationship between beliefs about disease causation in medical recipe-books and the use of extended metaphors of illness in Old English poetry and other non-medical works. Chapter 1 takes a novel approach to identifying beliefs about the causes of disease by analyzing preventive prescriptions in the Old English Herbarium and Medicina de Quadrupedibus, two recipe-books that have (...)
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  49. Sickness as a human trait. Towards a consideration of disease as existential phenomena.Diana Aurenque Stephan & François Jaran Duquette - 2018 - Alpha (Osorno) 47:161-176.
    Resumen En el presente trabajo se investigan los alcances y las consecuencias que se desprenden de utilizar a Heidegger en el campo de la filosofía de la medicina. Con este fin, la investigación se divide en los siguientes puntos: 1) se explicitará en qué puede consistir una “antropologización” del pensamiento heideggeriano; 2) se ofrecerá una descripción general respecto de las teorías de la salud y enfermedad más significativas y actuales en el campo de la teoría de la medicina; 3) nos (...)
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  50. Personality Disorders and Thick Concepts.Konrad Banicki - 2018 - Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 25 (3):209-221.
    'Cruel' simply ignores the supposed fact/value dichotomy and cheerfully allows itself to be used sometimes for a normative purpose and sometimes as a descriptive term.Personality disorders have always attracted considerable attention within the philosophy of psychiatry. It was not until two papers written by Louis Charland, however, that they simulated a wider and lively debate. The importance and, at least partly, the strength of Charland's analyses lie in the fact that they are relatively particular and focused in their...
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