Cosmology is currently a broad and rapidly developing field of knowledge.

The authors consider reflexive games that describe the interaction of subjects making decisions based on an awareness structure, i.e., a hierarchy of beliefs about essential parameters, beliefs about beliefs, and so on. It was shown that the language of graphs of reflexive games represents a convenient uniform description method for reflexion effects in bélles-léttres.

Existing social disparities in the United States are inconsistent with the promise of democracy; therefore, there was a need for critical conceptualization of the first principles that undergird American democracy and the genesis of democratic social change in America. This constructivist grounded theory study aimed to construct a grounded theory that provides an understanding of the process of American democratic social change as it emerged from the nation’s founding documents. A post hoc polytheoretical framework including Foucault’s, Bourdieu’s, and Marx and (...) Engels’s theories of power was used to understand power dynamics. The research question focused on understanding the process of democratic social change in America. The sample comprised the Articles of Confederation, the U.S. Declaration of Independence, The Federalist Papers, and the U.S. Constitution. The documents were retrieved from the National Archives and Library of Congress. The data analysis plan incorporated successive comparison, situational and dramaturgical analysis, deconstruction, and perspective taking as strategies. The result was the construction of a democratic social change process theory preceded by five grounded theories: (a) first principles of democracy, (b) first principles of democracy conceptual framework, (c) socio-ethical principles of democracy, (d) demoralizing process, and (e) either-or approach to democracy. Positive social change implications include applying a democratic social change process to future social change endeavors across domains and levels of analysis, a normative framework for a republican form of government, and a tool to analyze and minimize the latent consequences of social justice policies. (shrink)

A. Kuznetsov considered a logic which extended intuitionistic propositional logic by adding a notion of 'irreflexive modality'. We describe an extension of Kuznetsov's logic having the following properties: (a) it is the unique maximal conservative (over intuitionistic propositional logic) extension of Kuznetsov's logic; (b) it determines a new unary logical connective w.r.t. Novikov's approach, i.e., there is no explicit expression within the system for the additional connective; (c) it is axiomatizable by means of one simple additional axiom scheme.

This article describes a logic of distinction and succession within the late-twentieth-century Leningrad-St. Petersburg cultural field, whereby consecutive intelligentsia mainstreams were replaced by their avant-garde peripheries. In this dynamic picture of socio-cultural transformations, I propose a working hypothesis of a repeated stratification of the field into an ‘official’, an ‘unofficial’, and a third ‘non-aligned’ intelligentsia. This hypothesis is tested in reference to the ‘non-aligned’ groups founded by the avant-garde artist and ideologue Timur Novikov (1958–2002). Three major shifts are described: (...) from the politicized late-Brezhnevite early 1980s to the apolitical radicalism of Novikov’s New Artists; from this anarchistic underground, through the perestroika era, to the playful ‘classicism’ of the New Academy of Fine Arts in the 1990s; and from this postmodern international orientation to an arch-reactionary, neo-imperial posturing at the turn of the 2000s. Lastly, this ‘non-aligned’ intelligentsia is suggested as a possible precedent, or, indeed, a model for understanding other historically significant avant-garde peripheries, which commonly seek to distinguish themselves from (often mutually-exclusive) centres. (shrink)

Hay una forma de pensar diferente y complementaria a la ciencia; este libro trata de las bases coceptuales para ello. El autor se da a la tarea de ordenar la ideas y conceptos diversos sobre los que se sustenta la teoría sistémica, de manera tal que el lecxtor encontrará una obra que congrega por primera vez los pilares para utilizar en su pensamiento las herramientas sistémicas. Con ello tendrá acceso a la comprensión de los fenómenos desde un ángulo relacional, que (...) entiende el universo como una colosal y sorprendente trama de conexiones y relaciones en la cual los seres humanos estamos sumergidos como los peces lo están en el agua. Para comprender desde esta perspectiva se necesita una manera distintiva de contemplar la realidad que nos envuelve, cuyos alcances sobrepasen los límites de la ciencia. (shrink)

В сборнике представлены основные направления и результаты научных исследований профессорско-преподавательского состава, аспирантов и студентов факультета, а также ученых-филологов.

t. 1. Noosferizm : vvedenie v noosferizm, Noosferizm: dvizhenie, ideologii︠a︡ ili novai︠a︡ nauchno-mirovozzrecheskai︠a︡ sistema? -- t. 2. Noosferizm : Kapitalokratii︠a︡ mify liberizma ... -- t. 3. Noosferizm : Rossii︠a︡ v XXI veke v kontekste ... -- t. 4, kn. 1. Noosferizm : Noosfernoe ili neklassicheskoe chelovekovedeni; kn. 2. Noosfernoe ili neklassicheskoe chelovekovedenie: poisk osnovaniĭ -- t. 5, kn. 1. Noosfernoe ili neklassicheskoe chelovekovedenie: poisk osnovaniĭ; kn. 12. Noosfernoe ili neklassicheskoe chelovekovedenie: poisk osnovaniĭ -- t. 6. kn. 1. Obrazovanie--vysshiĭ imperativ noosfernogo (...) ili ustoĭchivogo razvitii︢a︡ Rossii v XXI veke; kn. 2 Obrazovanie--vysshiĭ imperativ noosfernogo ili ustoĭchivogo razvitii︢a︡ Rossii v XXI veke -- t. 7. Sistemologii︠a︡ obrazovanii︠a︡ i obrazovanievedenie. (shrink)

Публикация рассчитана как на специалистов, так и на широкий круг читателей.

(1976). PROBABILITY, LIKELIHOOD AND SUPPORT: A METAMATHEMATICAL APPROACH TO A SYSTEM OF AXIOMS FOR UPPER AND LOWER DEGREES OF BELIEF. Philosophical Papers: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 153-161.