The present article investigates some consequences from the rapport ofthe creative and the sedimented language in Maurice Merleau-Ponty's works. It aims at analyzing the different positions adopted by the philosopher on that rapport by considering the image of a boiling liquid as the guide for such analysis. The heuristic power of this image will help, on one side, to comprehend the different standpoints used to interpret the phenomenon of language; on the other side, it will serve as an index to (...) follow the rectification and the radicalization of his philosophy. (shrink)

This article aims to show the way that Merleau-Ponty discusses the subject of the creative expression on literature. In order to do that, we shall analyze the texts of the intermediary period to point out the creative literature is due to arrangement of the own signs of the common language.

Este artigo pretende abordar a obra de Nicolau Maquiavel principalmente a partir da leitura feita por Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Para isto, apresentaremos, em um primeiro momento, alguns traços gerais da filosofia política merleau-pontiana com o intuito de rastrear a presença de Maquiavel no espectro de sua obra. Tratar-se-á, também, de indicar as balizas que guiam MerleauPonty na leitura de um texto filosófico. Quanto à discussão da filosofia maquiaveliana, procuraremos, em seguida, destacar os pontos que fizeram do secretário florentino o primeiro pensador (...) político moderno, momento em que teremos a oportunidade de explicitar a interpretação de Merleau-Ponty. Para concluir, serão colocados em relevo os aspectos que, segundo a expressão de Claude Lefort, fazem com que a política em Maquiavel seja compreendida como “grande política”. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende apresentar o conceito de percepção assim como o interpreta o filósofo francês Renaud Barbaras. Ele parte da recolocação do problema da percepção entre imanência e transcendência para indicar os traços fundamentais que caracterizam este fenômeno segundo seu próprio ponto de vista: o sujeito da percepção como sujeito vivo e a essência da vida como desejo. Não se trata, para ele, de aproximar-se da percepção através daquilo que ela não é. Para compreender verdadeiramente a percepção é preciso nos (...) deixar formar junto à própria experiência perceptiva, ou antes, é preciso pensar segundo a própria percepção. (shrink)

Review of the book Giotto Et Les Humanistes: La Découverte De La Composition En Peinture, 1350-1450 de Michael Baxandall. Tradução Maurice Brock. Paris: Seuil, 2013, pp.277.

We shall place ourselves beside Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy to shed light on the notion of concrete, which brings in it the fact and the essence, the particle and the universal, in doing so we shall be opposed to the theoretical attitude, named by Merleau-Ponty “small rationalism”, of the early twentieth century. Firstly, we shall remember how the philosopher characterizes the theoretical attitude that reduces everything that can be said about the world to the scientific. After, we shall briefly insist upon the (...) fact that this theoretical attitude is not far from a highly naïf political attitude which is unaware of the world it belongs to. According to Merleau-Ponty, in order to understanding the rapports between the sense and the non-sense it is necessary a new conception of reason: not a reason which operates by concepts on the background of an unquestionable rationality, but a reason that considers its origins. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende situar a posição de Claude Lefort no antigo e ainda atual debate sobre as relações entre os modos de expressão, particularmente os modos de expressão pela palavra e pela imagem. Defenderemos, após exposição do detalhe do texto do filósofo, que sua posição no debate é política, e que as relações que ele entrevê entre os modos de expressão são democráticas.

RESUMO: A peça de teatro As moscas, de Sartre, será abordada com o intuito de acompanhar o modo como seu autor reinventa o mito de Orestes, presente na tragédia grega. Sartre subscreve pontos de partida que nos fazem perceber que, em seu diálogo com a tradição, ele trabalha com a liberdade no avesso da necessidade, o que termina invertendo a tradição. Ele adota certa concepção da relação entre o passado e o mundo atual que nos permite ler o mito de (...) Orestes de tal forma que ele não exclui o passado, antes, o exige. Orestes não se faz do nada, sua ação não se estabelece através de uma simples continuidade com o passado. Trata-se de investigar a importância que o passado desempenha no interior dessa peça, assim como indicar, a partir desse ponto de vista, o lugar que nossas aquisições devem ocupar no mundo atual. ABSTRACT: The aim of the present article is to shed some light on how Sartre recreates Orestes myth in his play The flies. Sartre show us that his dialogue with the tradition works with freedom as the other side of necessity, which leads to the inversion of tradition. He works with such a conception of the relation between past and present which enable us to consider Orestes in a way that the past is not excluded; on the contrary, it is demanded. Orestes is not out of nowhere, and at the same time his actions are not simply the continuation of the past. The present article intends to analyze the role played by the past in Sartre’s The flies, as well as to point, from this particular standpoint, the place off human acquisitions should have in our present world. (shrink)

Resenha do livro de: CARDIM, Leandro Neves Corpo . Col. Filosofia Frente & Verso. Sáo Paulo: Globo, 2009. 177 p.

Buscamos neste artigo realizar uma análise sobre os termos normalidade, anormalidade, corporalidade central e periférica através do filme “Pieles” do diretor espanhol Eduardo Casanova. Para realizar este trabalho utilizamos a metodologia bibliográfica e análise fílmica. Destarte, apresentamos a descrição sobre o filme e algumas personagens, desenvolvemos uma discussão teórica e fechamos com análises sobre o filme e as considerações finais. Concluímos que não são as diferenças corpóreas, sejam elas anomalias ou mutações congênitas que definem os lugares e funções desses corpos (...) diferentes na sociedade, mas sim os padrões, normas e convenções construídas histórico-socialmente. (shrink)

Resenha de Cassin, B. Quand dire, c’est vraiment faire. Homère, Gorgias et le peuple arc-en-ciel. Paris: Fayard, 2018.

Taxa and homologues can in our view be construed both as kinds and as individuals. However, the conceptualization of taxa as natural kinds in the sense of homeostatic property cluster kinds has been criticized by some systematists, as it seems that even such kinds cannot evolve due to their being homeostatic. We reply by arguing that the treatment of transformational and taxic homologies, respectively, as dynamic and static aspects of the same homeostatic property cluster kind represents a good perspective for (...) supporting the conceptualization of taxa as kinds. The focus on a phenomenon of homology based on causal processes (e.g., connectivity, activity-function, genetics, inheritance, and modularity) and implying relationship with modification yields a notion of natural kinds conforming to the phylogenetic-evolutionary framework. Nevertheless, homeostatic property cluster kinds in taxonomic and evolutionary practice must be rooted in the primacy of epistemological classification (homology as observational properties) over metaphysical generalization (series of transformation and common ancestry as unobservational processes). The perspective of individuating characters exclusively by historical-transformational independence instead of their developmental, structural, and functional independence fails to yield a sufficient practical interplay between theory and observation. Purely ontological and ostensional perspectives in evolution and phylogeny (e.g., an ideographic character concept and PhyloCode’s ‘individualism’ of clades) may be pragmatically contested in the case of urgent issues in biodiversity research, conservation, and systematics. (shrink)

Global Mental Health is a field of research and practice that addresses the expansion of universal and equitable mental health care worldwide. This article explores the ways the concept of culture is employed in Global Mental Health literature. Global Mental Health advocates and critics assume an ontological separation between ‘nature’ and ‘culture’ to typify mental illness, linking it predominantly to one or the other of these two categories. Advocates of Global Mental Health view mental disorders as a nature–culture hybrid, while (...) critics see them as typically cultural phenomena. The cultural critique of Global Mental Health can be strengthened by a sociological approach to both the role of critique and the uses of the concept of culture within social sciences. As an alternative to the ontologization of culture, we propose a different theoretical approach to the social issues involved in the expansion of international public health care in mental health: Arthur Kleinman's and Didier Fassin’s moral anthropological approaches. (shrink)

Agronomic science or technoscience has an important role in contemporary times and is the focus of necessary philosophical investigations. The present study aimed to relate Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutics with the Laudanian concept of philosophy of science, also applied to the philosophy of technology within the agronomic context. The central question to be answered is: can Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutics apply to the understanding of agronomy? Given this, central references and commentators were selected, dividing the dialogue between the authors and the argumentation (...) into the following points: sciences, technologies, and Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutics; agronomic traditions and their Laudanian progress; reaching the final possibility of intersections between Gadamer and Laudan, when reflecting on agronomy, especially on the theme of traditions. (shrink)

We prove that Martin’s Axiom implies the existence of a Cohen-indestructible mad family such that the Mathias forcing associated to its filter adds dominating reals, while \ is consistent with the negation of this statement as witnessed by the Laver model for the consistency of Borel’s conjecture.

RESUMOO presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar os meandros da composição e suas intertextualidades na polêmica do samba entre Noel Rosa e Wilson Batista, observando o dialogismo na interação verbal e musical entre os autores e os diversos textos da década de 1930. Ao apurar os ouvidos sobre a "polêmica do samba" observa-se que as composições revelam tensões inexoráveis entre um mundo festivo do "malandro" e os limites da realidade da época. Desse modo, com suporte em estudos que tratam deste (...) tema, busca-se trazer à tona um insight sobre este "duelo" musical que está, certamente, muito mais disseminado na sociedade que restrito a questões puramente estéticas.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the meanders of composition and their intertextuality in the samba controversy between Noel Rosa and Wilson Batista. We observe dialogism in the verbal and musical interaction between the samba writers and several texts of the 1930s. When ears are in tune with the "samba controversy," one observes that the compositions reveal inexorable tensions between the festive world of the "malandro" and the limits of the reality of the time. Accordingly, based on studies that address this theme, we aim to present an insight into this musical "duel," which is not restricted to purely aesthetics issues, but certainly disseminated in society. (shrink)

V. 1. Desde as origens partisticas até ao periodo do apogeu da escolástica.--v. 2. Desde o perfodo do apodeu da escolástica até ao fim da Idade Média, com um estudo sobre o pensamento filosófico português nos séculos XIII-XV.

The environment is a continuous source of matter and energy, which dynamizes the adaptive processes of biological systems, so that these systems emerge, persist or are extinguished as a consequence of their reactions to the environment. This perspective, forged from classical physics, gives way to multiple ecological theories, with evolution being the most prominent one. In all these cases, information would be both dependent and subsequent to matter and energy. Thus, the emergence and dynamics of genetic material or ecological attributes (...) such as abundance, richness or diversity depend mainly on the interaction of these two fundamental states. However, recent approaches from quantum physics and complexity views put forward the notion that information can be independent and prior to matter and energy, which allows us to see ecological processes from another perspective, i.e., as including complex biological systems as capable of showing emergent properties such as cognition. We proposed here a set of postulates and ideas that suggests how the ability to manipulate (internalize, integrate, store and generate) information can be developed by those systems, which would directly and non-randomly influence ecological attributes and their dynamics; i.e., how this property can possibly help replacing the notion of the environment as the ultimate cause of changes. Besides fully detailing the sources of knowledge and our rationale in this sense, we have also discussed how these thoughts and possibilities can be employed in devising better and more comprehensive approaches for biological conservation strategies. (shrink)

The philosopher Byung-Chul Han affirms that the present age reduces the human being to a performance-machine, and that, because of this reduction, the type of disease that characterizes it this age is neuronal. In the present article, I argue that Han’s analysis is correct but incomplete. Behind this reductionism, which leads to neuropathologies of different types, lies another type of pathology that the philosopher Eric Voegelin calls ‘pneumopathology’—disease of the spirit. The transhumanist view of human enhancement deepens this reduction and (...) shows that the pneumopathology that blights today’s society is in a process of unprecedented chronification. To justify this thesis, I first explain the connection between human enhancement and the achievement imperative denounced by Han; I then analyze the Voegelian category of pneumopathology to show its value for an ontological-historical understanding of human enhancement. (shrink)

Neste artigo, demonstrei a relação entre a Memória, a História Oral e o Patrimônio Imaterial Afro-brasileiro. Apontei para os aspectos teóricos e para a práxis de uma História Oral capaz de oferecer algumas bases para a salvaguarda do Patrimônio Imaterial. Para tanto, propus um diálogo dinâmico com diferentes conceitos de Memória, sobretudo conforme compreendida por Joël Candau e Maurice Halbwachs. Apresentei diferentes conceitos em diálogo com autores especialistas em Patrimônio Imaterial, como: Maria Amélia Jundurian Corá, Chiara Bortolotto e Ulpiano Toledo (...) Bezerra de Menses. Além disso, identifiquei procedimentos construídos por José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy, Suzana Lopes Salgado Ribeiro e Fabíola Holanda no âmbito do Núcleo de Estudos em História Oral – NEHO/USP. Palavras-chave: Memória, História Oral, Patrimônio Imaterial, Teoria. (shrink)

The subject of this book is the social and political meaning of constitutional texts to the detriment of their legal concretization. Focusing on the discrepancy between the hypertrophically symbolic function of constitutions and their insufficient legal concretization, it offers a critical counterpoint to constitutional theory that treats constitutional texts as a panacea to solving political, legal, and social problems. In contrast to the premises of Niklas Luhmann's systems theory regarding law and constitution in world's society, symbolic constitutionalization is approached here (...) in both a comprehensive and far-reaching perspective. Chapter 1 sets out the debate about symbolic legislation. Chapter 2 explains the notion of symbolic constitutionalization as a problem embracing the whole legal system. Chapter 3 approaches the issue in terms of allopoiesis of law, characterizing it primarily as a problem in peripheral modernity and referring to the Brazilian experience. The final chapter discusses the tendency to a symbolic constitutionalization of world society in the scope of a paradoxical peripheralization of the centre. (shrink)

Papers presented at the 6th BRICS Academic Forum held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2014.

O segundo cronista e guarda-mor da Torre do Tombo, Gomes Eanes de Zurara, notabilizou-se pela produção de crônicas acerca da conquista e manutenção da praça de Ceuta no século XV. Com a finalidade de explorar as impressões desse cronista, o presente trabalho abordará como Zurara fez um uso edificante de duas de suas fontes: o discurso do conde D. Pedro de Meneses e um reportatio do sermão do fr. João Xira. Mais precisamente, o alvo deste estudo é examinar em que (...) medida Zurara reproduziu as palavras dessas célebres figuras na expectativa de legitimar a incursão militar da Coroa no norte da África. Com ênfase na descrição do referido oficial da Torre do Tombo, o alvo consistirá em analisar a função da prédica de um religioso e de um cavaleiro para a exortação dos portugueses enviados a essa região em um período de fortalecimento das bases políticas e religiosas de Portugal. (shrink)

This work discusses the origin of the architect and the architecture presented in the treatise _De Architectura_ by Vitruvius and its association with imitation. It is discussed the Vitruvian notion of the progression of humanity and its connections with the architect and the establishment of Architecture as the science of the architect. The proposal of training for professionals from various areas is analyzed, which would guarantee, according to Vitruvius, a generalist training and at the same time specialized in their field. (...) It also discusses the attributes necessary, according to the author, for a good professional, which would allow him to achieve recognition for his authority. (shrink)

Para economistas como Arrow, Hahn y Tobin, por ejemplo, la expresión “mano invisible” es la contribución más importante hecha al pensamiento económico y es explicativa de los procesos económicos. En este artículo se proponen una serie de argumentos a fin de sostener que la expresión “mano invisible” de Adam Smith no es relevante en términos explicativos. En primer lugar, Smith es renuente a aceptar como explicativas expresiones que apelen a agentes invisibles e inteligentes para intentar explicar fenómenos naturales. Para analizar (...) esto, se sugiere una lectura humeana de Smith, así como también una interpretación de la crítica por parte de Smith de Kepler y Descartes. (shrink)

El estudio se propone el análisis de la última de las parábolas del evangelio de Mateo, examinando su lenguaje y elementos teológicos fundamentales; así como también su forma y composición en la obra. El trabajo se motiva por la designación que el Papa Francisco dio al texto, comprendiéndolo como recapitulación esencial del camino cristiano fundamental que debe emprender el discípulo que desea vivir las huellas del Maestro.

The text analyses rituals as endeavours to preserve the identity of a people or a portion of a people. Rituals present or re-present the supposed common history of all the migrants. Social memory and history then tend to merge and to forget... forgetfulness is the driving force behind the writing of history. Particularly critical is the moment when the migration starts, because the need to adapt to new conditions as well as to maintain what is represented as their social identity (...) makes dual – and at times contradictory – demands on the migrants’ imagination. Examples taken from Portuguese migrations are offered as expressions of the conceptual issues raised. (shrink)

This Dictionary presents a broad range of topics relevant in present-day global bioethics. With more than 500 entries, this dictionary covers organizations working in the field of global bioethics, international documents concerning bioethics, personalities that have played a role in the development of global bioethics, as well as specific topics in the field.The book is not only useful for students and professionals in global health activities, but can also serve as a basic tool that explains relevant ethical notions and terms. (...) The dictionary furthers the ideals of cosmopolitanism: solidarity, equality, respect for difference and concern with what human beings- and specifically patients - have in common, regardless of their backgrounds, hometowns, religions, gender, etc. Global problems such as pandemic diseases, disasters, lack of care and medication, homelessness and displacement call for global responses.This book demonstrates that a moral vision of global health is necessary and it helps to quickly understand the basic ideas of global bioethics. (shrink)

Considering the challenges posed by populism and religiously motivated political engagement to liberal democracies, the present study sets out to examine, specifically, the role played by Pentecostal actors in the conflictive rearrangement of the democratic game in Brazil and worldwide. The engagement of Pentecostals in Brazil’s 2018 general election represented a milestone in that regard and constitutes, thus, the main focus of the present investigation. Given the novelty and nature of both phenomena in question, viz. Pentecostal political engagement and the (...) crisis of democracy, the analysis is carried out, methodologically, from a descriptive, theoretical vantage point, rather than a normative one. To that purpose, the study builds on Manow’s recent work on the current crisis of democracy so as to shed new light on this issue and engages with scholarly studies of Pentecostal political engagement in Brazil and Nigeria alike, where similar developments may be observed, thereby placing this predicament in a global perspective. The role played by Pentecostals can best be described as ambivalent, as, on the one hand, they contributed largely to democratizing contemporary democracies and, on the other, they played a significant part in undermining the very foundations of liberal democracies. (shrink)