RESUMEN Este artículo busca contribuir a la elucidación del concepto de “problema” elaborado por Gilles Deleuze en Diferencia y repetición, analizando la presencia en dicho concepto del algebrista noruego Niels Henrik Abel. Deleuze atribuye a este matemático el haber creado un método que rompe con el “círculo vicioso” que consiste en calcar los problemas a imagen y semejanza de sus soluciones. Argumentaremos que esta interpretación de Deleuze se apoya en la obra de Jules Vuillemin La philosophie de l’algèbre, donde se (...) traza un paralelo entre el álgebra de Lagrange y la filosofía trascendental de Fichte para mostrar ese vicio común a sus métodos. Comenzaremos por reconstruir el mencionado “círculo vicioso”, para luego recorrer las características generales del problema algebraico y sus paralelismos con la filosofía crítica, señalando finalmente los puntos principales que Deleuze busca rescatar del método abeliano –presentado por Vuillemin como la superación de Lagrange. ABSTRACT This paper aims to shed light on the concept of “problem” developed by Gilles Deleuze in Difference and repetition by analyzing the presence in that book of the Norwegian algebraist Niels Henrik Abel. Deleuze attributes to this mathematician having invented a method that breaks the “vicious circle” which consists in tracing the problems to the image and similarity of the solutions. We will argue that Deleuze’s interpretation is based on Jules Vuillemin’s work La philosophie de l’algèbre, which draws a parallelism between Lagrange’s algebra and Fichte’s transcendental philosophy to show a common flaw in both their methods. We will begin by characterizing the aforementioned “vicious circle”, and then go through the general characteristics of the algebraic problem and its parallel with critical philosophy, in order to show, finally, the main features that Deleuze seeks to highlight in the abelian method – presented by Vuillemin as the overcoming of Lagrange. (shrink)

Este artículo busca realizar un aporte a los estudios deleuzianos en torno al concepto de lo virtual, a partir del examen de una fuente fundamental para su determinación: la noción de “dialéctica” extraída de la filosofía matemática de Albert Lautman. Antes que referir a Platón o Hegel, Deleuze se apropia de la dialéctica a partir de este autor, para determinar el plano de lo virtual como un campo problemático, estructural-genético, simultáneamente inmanente y trascendente a las soluciones actuales que produce. Analizaremos (...) primero el desarrollo del propio Lautman sobre la dialéctica en la filosofía matemática, para mostrar luego cómo Deleuze pretende extender esa dialéctica más allá de la matemática; finalmente, presentamos algunas reflexiones sobre el privilegio de la matemática que caracteriza los desarrollos de lo virtual en Diferencia y repetición. (shrink)

This paper presents an interpretation of the ontology developed by Deleuze in Différence et répétition under a topological perspective. It maintains that the Deleuzian thesis concerning Being as univocal and differential is supported by a theory of expression which holds a conception of space that goes beyond the Euclidian viewpoint. I will approach this spatial dynamism from a series of mathematical notions that assist the production of Deleuze’s main ontological concepts, defining the expression and its moments by the interaction between (...) different types of multiplicities, made of heterogeneous folds. (shrink)

La caracterización filosófica del capital en El anti-Edipo (1972) guarda sutiles pero significativas resonancias con la ontología desarrollada por Deleuze en Diferencia y repetición (1968), particularmente en el empleo de la relación diferencial dy/dx como recurso conceptual, y en la noción de “expresión”. El anti-Edipo usa aquella notación matemática para conceptualizar los flujos determinantes del socius capitalista, cuya heterogeneidad es expresada por dos aspectos coexistentes en la moneda. La interferencia matemática explorada previamente por la escritura deleuziana, se mezcla aquí con (...) dos fuentes de teoría monetaria: Suzanne de Brunhoff y Bernard Schmitt. Proponemos ahondar en esta concepción deleuzo-guattariana, siguiendo la ontología diferencial y la teoría monetaria para conceptualizar el régimen de signos propio del capital, y el modo de dominación que instaura. (shrink)

This paper contributes to clarifying Deleuze’s theory of the Idea by a commentary on its technical definition: “a defined, continuous, n-dimensional multiplicity”, presented in chapter IV of Difference and Repetition. This definition implicitly intertwines Deleuze’s own metaphysical view of the Idea as a virtual problem with a series of notions taken from the differential geometry developed by the German mathematician Georg B. Riemann. To clarify this influence, we will reconstruct the fundamental elements of the Riemannian notions used by Deleuze, and (...) show how these elements are presupposed in Deleuze’s concept of Idea. (shrink)

Cet article vise à éclaircir quelques aspects de la théorie maimonienne de l’infiniment petit, exposée dans l’ Essai sur la philosophie transcendantale. Partant de la diversité des sens que Maimon confère à cet infiniment petit, nous analyserons les deux manières dont il envisage les éléments différentiels, sans toujours les expliciter. De fait, la manière de considérer ces éléments change selon qu’on se situe dans l’ordre objectif de la pensée pure ou dans l’ordre subjectif, attaché aux formes de l’intuition (autant a (...) priori qu’ a posteriori ), ordres que Maimon distingue dans son Essai. On reconstruira donc la logique sous-jacente à cette distinction, pour analyser ensuite la portée que Maimon veut donner aux différentiels, eu égard à son programme métaphysique « réductionniste », qui prend ces éléments – en tant qu’objet de purs rapports intellectuels – comme fondement de l’ordre subjectif. On montrera, enfin, les problèmes que pose l’intégration, ainsi que le modèle que Maimon met en place pour établir le passage de l’ordre objectif au subjectif. (shrink)

Este artículo busca analizar el concepto deleuziano de potencia, trazando una genealogía que lo asocia con la filosofía de Schelling –inspirado, a su vez, en Spinoza–, con la finalidad de mostrar el modo en que dicho concepto puede funcionar como el medio para pensar la multiplicidad de diferenciaciones e individuaciones del Ser en el contexto de la filosofía de la inmanencia. Para ello, reconstruiremos la presencia de Schelling en el concepto de potencia tal como Deleuze lo desarrolla en sus obras (...) de 1968: _Diferencia y repetición y Spinoza y el problema de la expresión_. A continuación, exponemos las notas principales de ese concepto tal como Schelling lo presenta en las obras mencionadas por Deleuze. Finalmente, desarrollamos comparativamente la especificidad de la potencia deleuziana en su doble aspecto: como potencia ideal e intensiva, para mostrar el modo en el cual ella articula el proceso de individuación en la inmanencia. (shrink)

Este trabajo persigue reflexionar sobre el estatuto ontológico de la comunidad en base a la figura de Nietzsche como arcano de la apuesta teórica tiqquniana. Así, a partir de las consideraciones que Nietzsche realiza sobre la vida, junto con los diagnósticos que Tiqqun despliega a partir de su _metafísica crítica_, se explorarán algunos de los pliegues del pensamiento de ambos autores tratando de iluminar una cartografía de la no pertenencia que sustituya la lógica identitaria de la comunidad moderna fundamentada en (...) el principio de humanismo. Dicha cartografía no solo persigue agotar el lenguaje político contemporáneo, sino que piensa en una forma política y comunitaria desarrollada desde el _pathos_ de la distancia, el éxtasis y la filosofía política an-árquica. El esfuerzo teórico aquí recogido ilumina y teje la presencia de Nietzsche en el pensamiento de Tiqqun manifestando el anhelo compartido entre ambos autores por desatar prácticas de libertad en la tarea de traer al mundo las vidas que aún están por venir. (shrink)

This text has already been published in Time & Society, 2016, Vol. 25, pp. 613-633. We thank Gonzalo Iparraguirre for the permission to republish it here.: This article presents the introduction and the update of an ethnographic research on temporality among indigenous groups, published in 2011 in its full version as a book in Spanish. It seeks to prove the usefulness of the conceptual distinction between time, defined as the phenomenon of becoming in itself, and - Anthropologie – Nouvel (...) article. (shrink)

The hypothesis of a theoretical unity between On Sophistical Refutations and Prior Analytics presents a major challenge to scholars attempting to unify the criteria of analysis. This paper examines this problem and proposes a middle ground between the perspectives of Woods and Boger to address this crucial question: If a unitary and coherent theory of deduction exists, why does not the technical apparatus of syllogistic modes for analyzing fallacies appear in SE? This paper makes useful contributions to the discussion on (...) the internal unity of Aristotle's logical writings on around categorical syllogistics and the doctrine of sophistical refutations. (shrink)

Considerando traços da conceptualização das noções de “repetição” e “hábito”, presentes em Empirisme et subjectivité (DELEUZE, 1953, em diante ES), esperamos fazer algumas anotações acerca do percurso que leva até Différence et répétition, tese que Deleuze apresenta em 1968 (doravante DR), cujo capítulo II se debruça na constituição da síntese do presente. Para tanto, será necessário estabelecermos duas etapas na determinação desse percurso. Na primeira etapa, abordaremos a forma em que Deleuze descreve o hábito como princípio complementar ao princípio de (...) experiência na construção do conhecimento. A segunda etapa do percurso requer detalhar a forma em que se produz a articulação das noções citadas em DR. (shrink)

Wind turbines have been used by many groups of humans for many centuries. Wind turbines have allowed groups of humans to perform many different tasks in the past. However, only a century and a half ago, they began to be used to convert the energy captured from wind into electric energy. Moreover, only approximately twenty-five years ago, we started to introduce on a massive scale the energy generated from wind turbines into the electric networks of most developed countries in the (...) world for regular consumption. According to 2017 statistics, approximately 12 percent of the electric energy consumed in the EU is produced by wind turbines. Despite the fact that wind turbines generally appear quite similar externally—i.e., a three-blade structure, a nacelle, a tower, etc.—if we carefully examine the electric technology used within them, we find quite a wide range of technologies for energy conversion, which is a key issue in wind turbine technology. Hence, this paper adopts a dialectic perspective towards analyzing and understanding why several electric technologies coexist in wind turbine technology. We explain the specific factors that have influenced different wind turbine manufacturers to adopt different electric technologies across the last twenty-five years. We show how their actions and the technological directions that have followed have been mutually codetermined, resulting in a technological evolution that has produced today’s wind turbine variety. (shrink)

1. Modern science in historical perspective -- On the origins of modern science -- The post-Renaissance revolution : the New Science -- Frank Sherwood Taylor : the man who was converted by Galileo -- The limits of science -- Proofs and demonstrations -- On the intelligibility of Quantum Mechanics -- Uncertainty, incompleteness, chance, and design -- A Finite, Open and Contingent Universe -- 2. On the origin and development of life -- A brief history of evolutionary thought -- Life's intelligible (...) design -- What are the contributions of Genetics to the understanding of life? -- On the Human Genome in contrast to the Great Apes Genome -- On The Evolution Controversy -- Scientific critiques of Darwinism -- 3. Beyond nature and history -- The religion of Darwinism -- On the riddle of man's origin -- On science, history and free will -- Science and Faith -- Concluding remarks. (shrink)

This text has already been published in P. Vostal, Inquiring into Academic Timescapes, Bingley, Emerald Publishing Limited, 2021, pp. 59-72. We thank Gonzalo Iparraguirre for the permission to republish it here. The aim of this chapter is to explore how temporalities produced by academia defines the way we learn and interpret social life, politics, and development. Academia imposes these temporalities by teaching and managing intrinsic temporal notions of social dynamics, as the - Sociologie – Nouvel article.

En el presente trabajo se pretende llevar a cabo una aproximación al fenómeno del colapso ecológico y su relación con la filosofía de la historia a través de las aportaciones de Walter Benjamin y Theodor Adorno. En este sentido, el fenómeno del colapso ecológico será abordado como la barbarie de nuestro tiempo, introduciéndonos en uno de los conceptos con mayor recorrido en la teoría crítica, para acto seguido explorar diversas vías filosóficas abiertas para hacerle frente en la actualidad.

This article analyzes the evolution of Philosophy of Educationin Spain and its situation at the dawn of the 21st century. Spain'speculiar socio-historical circumstances have largely conditioned thedirection this discipline has taken over the last several decades. So,although during a period there was some approximation towards themethods of analytic philosophy, Philosophy of Education has never fullyrelinquished its normative vocation. To do so would have meant spurningthe hopes and fears that had filled Spanish society by the mid 1970supon the reinstatement of civil (...) liberties and democracy. Indeed,attention to the circumstances and that normative orientation have foundtheir best fit in a practical Aristotelian-based philosophy meant toendow Philosophy of Education with a normative character that do notshun the educator's need for reflection, practical decision-making, andresponsibility. Since the 1990s, new directions have been marked by thechallenge of postmodernism, inasmuch as it affects not only thetechnological positivist model but also the reflective educator's modelof a practical Philosophy of Education. The new directions spread out invarious ways, yet they all fall into a common denominator of narrativetrends. The problem posed by these new languages lies in the extent towhich they are consistent with pedagogic intent. In turn, the answerstake on different profiles depending on whether the stance leans moretowards the philosophical or the pedagogical point of view withinPhilosophy of Education. The complementary nature of both perspectivescharacterizes the current state of the field in Spain. (shrink)

Working from a concept of politics of education that encompasses legal,ethical and pedagogical levels of analysis, this paper presents theresults of a field work project on the meaning and current state of theright to education with a larger philosophical discourse. Talk ofeducation as a human right presupposes taking part in a horizon ofinterpretation. Projected is a view of person as a subject, i.e., assomeone not only placed in a specific context, but also as someone whois capable of distancing him/herself from (...) local and culturalconditioning. (shrink)

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has hit almost all countries around the globe, seriously affecting the welfare of populations. Spain is especially hard-hit. In this context, the purpose of the present study is to analyze social, demographic, and economic correlates of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in the population residing in Spain.MethodThe sample of this cross-sectional study was comprised of 801 participants aged 18 or older and residing in Spain. Data collection was carried out during March and April 2020. Data of (...) mental health and well-being indicators, and those of a wide number of social, demographic, and economic variables were recorded. Linear regression models were built to value associations between mental health and social, demographic, and economic indicators.ResultsMental health morbidity was higher in women, younger people, individuals with medium studies, people with fewer children, singles, students, and unemployed individuals. Positive affect was higher among women, people with a high level of studies, those not co-living with dependent seniors, the self-employed, the employed, and those working outside home. Negative affect was negatively associated with age and number of children and was higher among women, people with basic studies, singles, individuals co-living with dependent seniors, homemakers, and students.ConclusionThe most vulnerable populations were found to be women, younger people, people with basic or medium studies, students and individuals with no remunerated activities, single populations, and those co-living with dependent seniors as well as those with a reduced number of children. (shrink)

Este estudio aborda el conocimiento y el trabajo matemático del profesor durante la enseñanza de las representaciones de la función a través del uso en conjunto de dos modelos teóricos. Se analiza una sesión para el 1er año de enseñanza media (14-15 años) dada por un profesor de matemática con la categoría de experto. Los resultados dan cuenta de la relación entre el trabajo matemático que se propone en el aula y los conocimientos que permiten esta organización, aportando elementos a (...) la comprensión de la práctica docente. (shrink)

Published in 1998, the main aim of this book is to use a naturalistic, evolutionary approach to solve some of the most important problems in philosophy. The first two problems come from the philosophy of science: the problem of rationality of science and the problem of truth in science. In presenting the first problem, the author argues that the views of Kuhn and Feyerabend do create a very serious challenge to traditional epistemology, however, if the assumption of individual rationality is (...) abandoned in favour of the author's social concept of rationality, a committed naturalism can account for science as a rational activity. In tackling the second problem of truth, the author shows that a committed evolutionary philosophy does not support realism but leads instead to a thorough evolutionary relativism of scientific knowledge. It is nevertheless possible to use this evolutionary relativism to construct a theory of relative truth. The issue of whether science discovers truth has also been tied to absolutism, that a well formulated theory of relative truth is likely to bring about a profound transformation of the way we think about the field. The author explores the notion of relative truth in the philosophy of science, ethics and aesthetics. (shrink)

This article has two parts. The first one compares the ontological and epistemological implications of two main philosophical stances on how reality relates to appearance. I call the first group the “plane of superficiality,” where reality and appearance are the same; there is no gap between what a thing is and how it manifests itself. I call the second group “volume of representation,” in which reality is beyond appearances; there is an insurmountable gap between the thing and its phenomena. The (...) second part of the article focuses on Graham Harman’s Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) as the second group’s contemporary position. Within the OOO epistemological model of “knowledge without truth,” Harman’s schema of the observer’s participation in the object’s knowledge production is questioned. Alternatively, based on the notion proposed here of “flat representativity” in which each appearance is equally valuable to represent different aspects of the object, I argue for the full spectrum of the sensual as the basis for “knowledge without truth.” In particular, the aesthetic method, excluded from Harman’s concerns about knowledge, is suggested as another contribution to the episteme. (shrink)

Los tópicos sobre salud oral en los programas académicos de las carreras de ciencias de la salud son insuficientes. El propósito de este trabajo fue Identificar los tópicos sobre salud oral en los programas académicos de las carreras de ciencias de la salud de la Universidad del Alba. Se realizó un estudio transversal-observacional de los programas académicos de las carreras de ciencias de salud que imparte la Universidad del Alba. Los tópicos sobre salud oral en los programas académicos de las (...) carreras de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud basados en competencia son escasos. (shrink)

Causation was an important topic of philosophical reflection during the Seventeenth Century. This reflection centred around certain particular problems about causation, one of which was the problem of causation between mind and body. The doctrine of the pre-established harmony is Leibniz's response to the problem of causation between mind and body. In this chapter I shall (a) explain the problem of mind-body causation; (b) explain Leibniz's pre-established harmony; and (c) assess his case for it.

Todo el curso gravita sobre la función reproductiva de la trompa. La trompa, en fin de cuentas, es un oviducto. Ya bastante habrán dicho de todo ello Michel Idoate y Fernando de la Fuente. Yo lo que quiero hacer en mi charla es llamar la atención sobre los aspectos éticos de unos pocos hechos básicos: que, de ordinario, la fecundación tiene lugar en la ampolla tubárica y que aquí y en el istmo transcurren las primeras horas y los primeros días (...) del desarrollo embrionario. Estos hechos, tan conocidos, tienen implicaciones ético-médicas muy importantes. La principal de ellas, se refiere a quien sea el embrión humano que se engendra en la trompa y en ella habita cuatro o cinco días. Pero, no menos importante, es la que se refiere a cuáles son las relaciones éticas que han de establecerse entre el médico y la mujer en cuya trompa flota un embrión. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new approach to the modal operators of necessity and possibility. This approach is based on the existence of two negations in certain lattices that we call bi-Heyting algebras. Modal operators are obtained by iterating certain combinations of these negations and going to the limit. Examples of these operators are given by means of graphs.

The river Portoviejo crosses four cantons of the province of Manabí and is the main source of water for the inhabitants of the area to be used in various uses. The objective of this bibliographic review article is to carry out a historical analysis of the water pollution of the Portoviejo River. The qualitative and descriptive documentary research methodology was used. The authors conclude that the factors that influence the pollution of the Portoviejo River are the constant direct discharges of (...) wastewater and solid waste along its route by the residents of the area and the contribution of the water treatment plant waste from the area. (shrink)

List of figures -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- Foreward by David Lamb -- Introduction -- The trials and tribulations of induction -- The perils of disproving theories -- Science as a daring enterprise: Choosing by convention -- Dogmatism in science: Kuhn and scientific revolutions -- Feyerabend and scientific anarchy -- One last plea for "rationality": Rationality and the growth of science -- Evolution and science -- Evolutionary relativism -- Alternative ways of perceiving the universe -- Appendix: The fate of inductive (...) logic -- Index. (shrink)

In this article, we aim at presenting a thorough and comprehensive explanation of the mathematical and theoretical relation between all the aspects of Ptolemaic planetary models and their counterparts which are built according to Kepler’s first two laws. Our article also analyzes the predictive differences which arise from comparing Ptolemaic and these ideal Keplerian models, making clear distinctions between those differences which must be attributed to the structural variations between the models, and those which are due to the specific parameters (...) Ptolemy determined in the Almagest. We expect that our work will be a contribution for a better understanding not only of the Ptolemaic theories for planetary longitudes through a clearer perception of the way in which Keplerian features are present—or absent—in Ptolemy’s models, but also for a more balanced judgement of different aspects of the contribution of the first two laws of Kepler to the modern astronomical revolution. (shrink)

Libro reseñado: Justicia global, derechos humanos y responsabilidad. Editores: Francisco Cortés Rodas & Miguel Giusti.

¿Qué es una crisis epistemológica? La descripción que hace Descartes de su propia crisis epistemológica tuvo, ciertamente, una influencia única, y esto a pesar de que describe de modo radicalmente erróneo su propia crisis, y ciertamente ha mostrado ser una guía altamente errónea sobre la naturaleza de las crisis epistemológicas en general.

Traducción de "The Objectivity of Values", en: Gutiérrez, Carlo B., El trabajo filosófico de hoy en el continente. Memorias del XIII Congreso Interamericano de Filosofía , 1995.