"œLa disoluci�n de la obra de arte"El llamado arte de vanguardia realiz� un cuestionamiento radical del concepto tradicional de arte, en particular, del concepto de obra de arte, de las relaciones de �sta con la verdad, de la instituci�n del "œarte" concebida como una esfera separada y destacada del mundo de la vida, del sentido en que deb��a entenderse la autonom��a del arte, etc. Se ha hablado en este sentido de la disoluci�n de las fronteras entre el arte y la (...) realidad, entre el arte y la vida, entre la ficci�n y la praxis, de una "œestetizaci�n de la realidad" , de una "œestetizaci�n del mundo de la vida" . Una de las consecuencias extremas de esta ruptura radica en "œhacer de la obra de arte un lugar vac��o, un mero horizonte de expectativas". Sin embargo, se advierte hoy que el arte surgido con posterioridad al arte de vanguardia de la primera mitad de este siglo ha restaurado y ampliado la categor��a de obra de arte. La reflexi�n est�tica se ve as�� en la necesidad de reintroducir un concepto ampliado no solamente de la obra de arte, sino del fen�meno est�tico en su conjunto en el que se sit�e la producci�n, la cr��tica y la recepci�n, la obra de arte y la experiencia est�tica, el arte y el mundo de la vida en su diferencia y, a la vez, en el juego de sus relaciones rec��procas."œThe dissolution of the work of art"The so-called avant-garde art made a radical question about the traditional concept of art, particularly, about the concept "œwork of art", about its relation to the "œtruth", about the institution of "œart" considered as an outstanding and different sphere from the "œlife world", about the way in which "œart autonomy" should be understood. In this sense, much has been said about the disappearance of the border between fiction and practice, about the "œestetization of reality" , about the "œestetization of the life world" . One of the extreme consequences of this divorce is the transformation of the work of art into an empty place, a mere horizon of expectations. Nevertheless, today it is known that art created after the avant-garde art from the beginning of this century has restored and broadened the concept of work of art. Thus, aesthetic thinking needs to reestablish an extended concept not only of the work of art, but also of the whole aesthetic phenomena, in which production, critics, reception, work of art and its aesthetic experience, art and the life world are found, and in which their reciprocal relations are shown. (shrink)

In this article, I propose to examine the origins and follow the process of the development of philosophy in Mexico, its periods, currents and most important features, and some of the problems that it is confronting in modern times. One of the guiding ideas that structure this reflection is that philosophy in Mexico has developed along the horizon of a series of economic, political and social events to which philosophy itself has attempted to respond but that, in a manner both (...) simultaneous and decisive, have contributed to configuring philosophy itself. Among these events I would emphasize, first, the experience of the Mexican Revolution, but would add the experience of the Russian Revolution, World Wars I and II, the explosion of the atomic bomb and, later, the Cuban Revolution, the 1968 Student Movement in Mexico, the nuclear catastrophe in Chernobyl, the fall of the Berlin Wall and, more recently, the emergence of the Neo-Zapatista movement in the country, as well as the ecological disasters that characterized the 20th century. Nor can we ignore the great challenges that have emerged in recent decades due to the worldwide scourge of inequality, and the extensive migratory movements from poor countries to rich ones caused by the overwhelming force of diverse forms of political and religious fundamentalism, climate change and new forms and waves of violence on both the national and international levels. The recent development of philosophy in Mexico has been marked by growing professionalization and specialization and the formation of a solid community of philosophers with specialized journals that provide spaces for reasoned public discussion and debate that is subject to the argumentative constraints proper to the discipline and conforms to the criteria established by a community that finds itself coming into ever-closer contact with other philosophical communities in and beyond the Spanish-American world. However, and paradoxically, beside this emphasis on specialization, philosophy has lost some of its presence in the public space and grand national discussions and debates. As another central element of its discourse in recent decades we can mention the fact that, parallel to increasing specialization, philosophy in Mexico has been conducted, through its own development, towards greater interaction and dialogue with other sciences and disciplines, leading it to insert itself into a learning process that has allowed it to potentiate the development and advancement of philosophy itself. (shrink)

Esta obra aproxima al lector a los conceptos de acción, ética y racionalidad práctica tomando como eje de articulación el análisis del modo en que los clásicos de la historia de la filosofía, desde Platón hasta Donald Davidson, han reflexionado sobre ellos. Se abordan así problemas vinculados con la explicación y narración de la acción al igual que con la relación entre la razón y los deseos o entre la acción, la felicidad y la virtud. Y se analiza también el (...) sentido de la libertad y la autonomía, la distinción entre las acciones y los eventos de la naturaleza, la manera en que deben ser comprendidos la responsabilidad, el mal y el progreso moral, o incluso las complejas relaciones entre la razón práctica y la revelación divina. Con todo ello se proporciona una mirada lo más completa posible y desde diversas perspectivas sobre un problema central para la filosofía desde sus inicios. (shrink)

This paper examines the relations between identity, otherness and alterity in the field of ethics and, especially, in that of political philosophy. For this, I refer to the work of three eminent thinkers: the Mexican philosopher Luis Villoro, and the German philosophers Jürgen Habermas and Bernhard Waldenfels. In all of them the problems of otherness, alterity, exclusion and inclusion play a very important role: the otherness and the exclusion of other cultures or social groups or entire ethnic groups . The (...) result of this reflection is a conception of democracy and, in general, of the political order, as an order always open to the claims and demands from otherness and alterity, in an endless game between identity and otherness that can never be completed. (shrink)

En este trabajo me centro en la _Rechtslehre_ de la _Metaphysik der Sitten_ para exponer el modo en que Kant comprende el Derecho y su indisoluble vínculo con el concepto de libertad. Me detengo en la manera en que Kant analiza el Derecho Privado, especialmente en su análisis de la propiedad, y en el modo en que su fundamentación se enlaza con el establecimiento de un Estado basado sobre el Derecho que es a la vez expresión de una voluntad universal. (...) Hacia el final ofrezco algunas consideraciones en torno a la argumentación kantiana y a los problemas que ella plantea. (shrink)

Los trabajos presentados en este libro se proponen realizar una reflexión sobre la posibilidad, relevancia y sentido de la crítica filosófica, social y política hoy en día en el marco de un diálogo con la 'Teoría Crítica' realizado ...

La presencia del orden se nos impone con singular insistencia. La reflexión sobre el orden, las posibilidades de su emergencia y las condiciones de su articulación y de su crítica, al igual que de su transgresión o transformación, ha constituido un eje central en el pensamiento filosófico y social continental a lo largo del siglo XX. Los trabajos que aparecen en este libro proceden de pensadores provenientes de Alemania, Francia y México y se proponen contribuir a una reflexión amplia, sistemática (...) y a la vez interdisciplinaria sobre este problema a la vez inquietante e inescapable. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Kant-Studien Jahrgang: 106 Heft: 1 Seiten: 165-168.

"El nacimiento de la fenomenologí­a. Las Investigaciones Lógicas de Edmund Husserl a los cien años de su publicación" Husserl introdujo el término Fenomenologí­a en 1901, en el contexto de sus Investigaciones Lógicas y fue bajo esta denominación que comprenderí­a en lo suscesivo su propia reflexión. Husserl se convirtió con ello en el fundador de la Fenomenologí­a, cuyo desarrollo marco, gradualmente, a toda la filosofí­a más allá de las fronteras de su natal Alemania. Heidegger, Ingarden, Schí¼tz, Sartre, Merleau Ponty, Lévinas o (...) Ricoeur, por ejemplo, son autores cuya obra serí­a impensable sin la veta del pensamiento que abrió Husserl. A partir de este texto, los esfuerzos de Husserl habrán de orientarse en dirección de una nueva fundamen-tación de la lógica pura y de la teorí­a del conocimiento. "The birth of the Phenomenology. The Edmund' Husserl"™s Logical Investigations at the hundred years of their publication." Husserl introduced the term Phenomenology in 1901, in the context of his Logical Investigations and it was under this denomination what he would understand in his latest reflection. Husserl became, with this conceptualization, the founder of the Phenomenology whose development mark, gradually, the whole philosophy beyond the frontiers of his native Germany. Heidegger, Ingarden, Schiitz. Sartre. Merleau Ponty, Levinas or Ricoeur, for example, are authors whose work would be imposible without the ground of the thought that Husserl opened up. Starting from this text, the efforts of Husserl had being guided in address of a new foundation of the pure logic and of the theory of the knowledge. (shrink)

_Dossier_ __Law and Society in Kant.__ __Contemporary Readings of the ‘Doctrine of Right’__.

Environmental research has usually highlighted that the existence of slack resources in an organization helps allocate investment to innovative initiatives. However, the existing literature has paid very limited attention to how slack resources can influence the effects of focused and diversified innovations in different ways. Agency theory scholars claim that a manager’s first preference when confronted with discretionary resources will not generate positive investments for the firm, but their own opportunistic preferences. The differences between focused and diversified environmental innovations allow (...) us to gain a better understanding of the financial impact of being focused and how slack resources matter in this context. We analyze a longitudinal sample of 5845 environmental patents from the 75 largest companies in the electrical components and equipment industry worldwide. Our results show that high levels of slack resources reduce the existing positive relationship between focused environmental innovations and a firm’s financial performance. These results contribute to delineating the theoretical and empirical implications of focused versus diversified environmental innovations and extend the literature on ethical dilemmas concerning managers’ use of slack resources in the firm. (shrink)

Theory change is a central concern in contemporary epistemology and philosophy of science. In this paper, we investigate the relationships between two ongoing research programs providing formal treatments of theory change: the (post-Popperian) approach to verisimilitude and the AGM theory of belief change. We show that appropriately construed accounts emerging from those two lines of epistemological research do yield convergences relative to a specified kind of theories, here labeled “conjunctive”. In this domain, a set of plausible conditions are identified which (...) demonstrably capture the verisimilitudinarian effectiveness of AGM belief change, i.e., its effectiveness in tracking truth approximation. We conclude by indicating some further developments and open issues arising from our results. (shrink)

This textbook presents the basics of philosophy that are necessary for the student and researcher in science in order to better understand scientific work. The approach is not historical but formative: tools for semantical analysis, ontology of science, epistemology, and scientific ethics are presented in a formal and direct way. The book has two parts: one with the general theory and a second part with application to some problems such as the interpretation of quantum mechanics, the nature of mathematics, and (...) the ontology of spacetime. The book addresses questions such as "What is meaning?", "What is truth?", "What are truth criteria in science?", "What is a theory?", "What is a model?" "What is a datum?", "What is information?", "What does it mean to understand something?", "What is space?", "What is time?", "How are these concepts articulated in science?" "What are values?" "What are the limits of science?", and many more. The philosophical views presented are "scientific" in the sense that they are informed by current science, they are relevant for scientific research, and the method adopted uses the hypothetical-deductive approach that is characteristic of science. The results and conclusions, as any scientific conclusion, are open to revision in the light of future advances. Hence, this philosophical approach opposes to dogmatic philosophy. Supported by end-of-chapter summaries and a list of special symbols used, the material will be of interest for students and researchers in both science and philosophy. The second part will appeal to physicists and mathematicians. (shrink)

In recent years, Cesar Chavez’s life and legacy have been subjected to increased scrutiny. The ensuing reevaluations of Chavez, wittingly or not, are matters of ethical, as well as historical and biographical, concern. This article has two aims. First, it reconstructs Chavez’s account of exemplarity and uses it to assess his legacy. Second, it provides an account of exemplarity situated within social practices. As I argue, exemplarity operates through social practices, rather than mystically as posited by a contagion model. The (...) end result is an ethically nuanced reassessment of Chavez and an account of exemplarity that includes its social dimension. (shrink)

I present a discussion of some issues in the ontology of spacetime. After a characterisation of the controversies among relationists, substantivalists, eternalists, and presentists, I offer a new argument for rejecting presentism, the doctrine that only present objects exist. Then, I outline and defend a form of spacetime realism that I call event substantivalism. I propose an ontological theory for the emergence of spacetime from more basic entities. Finally, I argue that a relational theory of pre-geometric entities can give rise (...) to substantival spacetime in such a way that relationism and substantivalism are not necessarily opposed positions, but rather complementary. In an appendix I give axiomatic formulations of my ontological views. (shrink)

A supertask consists in the performance of an infinite number of actions in a finite time. I show that any attempt to carry out a supertask will produce a divergence of the curvature of spacetime, resulting in the formation of a black hole. I maintain that supertaks, contrarily to a popular view among philosophers, are physically impossible. Supertasks, literally, collapse under their own weight.