En este trabajo se analizan algunas observaciones formuladas por Kant respecto de las dificultades implicadas en la selección y uso de los términos lingüísticos en el proceso de escritura filosófica. Consideramos que dicho análisis no sólo resulta relevante para una reconstrucción general de su concepción acerca del lenguaje, sino que proporciona asimismo elementos significativos para analizar la distinción entre concepto y palabra formulada en el marco de la epistemología crítica. Observaremos asimismo que, si bien en esta sección preliminar de la (...) “Dialéctica” se identifican importantes problemáticas que serán discutidas intensamente a partir del posterior desarrollo de la Filosofía del lenguaje, la estrategia metodológica adoptada por Kant para la resolución de los problemas específicos abordados en la primera Crítica impide que tales problemáticas sean visualizadas como aspectos significativos para la determinación de los límites del conocimiento humano. (shrink)

En este trabajo analizamos dos defi niciones kantianas de la libertad política que han sido consideradas como defi niciones antagónicas: una de ellas parece aproximar a Kant a la corriente del liberalismo moderno; la otra daría lugar, en cambio, a una interpretación republicana del pensamiento político kantiano. El análisis de ambas definiciones permitirá mostrar que éstas no resultan necesariamente incompatibles. In this paper we shall analyze two Kantian defi nitions of political freedom which have been considered mutually exclusive: one of (...) them would allow us to consider Kant as an exponent of the liberal tradition; the other would lead to a republican interpretation of Kant's political thought. The analysis of both defi nitions will show that they are notnecessarily incompatible. (shrink)

The concept of Transcendental Object either refers, in the framework of the Critic of Pure Reason, to the cause or foundation of external phenomena, or, on the contrary, to the concept of an object in general as it is thought by the conscience so as to guarantee the objective validity of its representations. In this paper, I shall attempt to show that —contrary to what has been suggested by several interpreters— the ambiguity involved in the Kantian use of this concept (...) is not the result of a terminological carelessness, but that it is founded on certain principles of Critical Idealism. (shrink)

En este artículo haré referencia a una serie de observaciones realizadas en el marco de la reflexión pedagógica kantiana, con el fin de mostrar el carácter fundamental que la idea (o ideal) de educación ha de asumir en todo proyecto pedagógico. La concepción kantiana de una naturaleza humana perfect..

Se examina la relación, ampliamente discutida, entre ética y derecho en el marco de la filosofía práctica kantiana. Para esclarecer algunas observaciones de La metafísica de las costumbres, se analiza el concepto de derecho y la distinción entre legislación ética y jurídica. Con la consideración de la libertad como derecho innato se reconstruyen diversas interpretaciones sobre la relación entre ética y derecho, para mostrar que, pese a la relación inescindible ente ambos, su especificidad no permite considerar la filosofía jurídica como (...) mera derivación de la filosofía moral. (shrink)

Las observaciones que Kant formula en sus obras críticas acerca de la existencia de la cosa en sí han dado lugar a importantes objeciones y agudas discusiones entre los intérpretes. En este trabajo proponemos una reflexión acerca de la posibilidad de establecer el estatus epistemológico correspondiente a dichas observaciones, haciendo uso del concepto kantiano de creencia doctrinal.

RESUMENEn este escrito proponemos examinar en qué sentido la interpretación epistémica de la distinción crítica fenómeno/cosa en sí resulta compatible con la interpretación de la cosa en sí como entidad real. Atendiendo a este objetivo, se intentará mostrar que dicha interpretación epistémica, lejos de reducir la cosa en sí a un mero concepto heurístico, conduce a una consideración de la misma como entidad efectivamente existente (más allá de las dificultades que obviamente supone la aplicación de las categorías de realidad y (...) existencia a aquello que, por definición, jamás puede ser dado como objeto de experiencia).PALABRAS CLAVEFENÓMENO, COSA EN SÍ, PERSPECTIVA, REALIDADABSTRACTIn this paper I shall analyze in what sense the Epistemic Interpretation of the critical distinction between appearances and things in themselves is compatible with an interpretation of the thing in itself as a real entity. I will try to show that the epistemic interpretation, far from reducing the thing in itself to a mere heuristic concept, leads to a consideration of the thing in itself as an existing entity (notwithstanding the difficulties which are obviously involved in the application of the categories of reality and existence to what can never be given as an object of experience).KEYWORDSAPPEARANCE, THING IN ITSELF, PERSPECTIVE, REALITY. (shrink)

Se examina la relación, ampliamente discutida, entre ética y derecho en el marco de la filosofía práctica kantiana. Para esclarecer algunas observaciones de La metafísica de las costumbres, se analiza el concepto de derecho y la distinción entre legislación ética y jurídica. Con la consideración de la libertad como derecho innato se reconstruyen diversas interpretaciones sobre la relación entre ética y derecho, para mostrar que, pese a la relación inescindible ente ambos, su especificidad no permite considerar la filosofía jurídica como (...) mera derivación de la filosofía moral. The article examines the -widely argued- relationship between ethics and right within the frame of Kant's practical philosophy. In order to clear up some observations made on The Metaphysics of Morals, the article analyzes the distinction between legal and ethical legislation. Taking into consideration freedom as an innate right, the article reconstructs various different interpretations regarding the relationship between ethics and right. This tries to show that, although the relationship in question is inseparable, its specificity does not allow to consider philosophy of law as a mere derivation of moral philosophy. (shrink)

RESUMEN Se analiza la relación entre la escritura y la presencia en la obra de Maurice Blanchot, se delimita el fundamento textual de la presencia en el orden de la literatura y se toman como referentes teóricos los conceptos de "espacio literario" y "pensamiento del afuera" de Michel Foucault. Si bien el propósito de examinar dicha relación es deconstruir el vínculo entre presencia y lenguaje, Blanchot conduce a considerar esa continuidad en términos de una presencia nunca completa ni devenida que (...) se conserva como una discontinuidad, una promesa y una ausencia que deben preservarse. ABSTRACT The article analyzes the relation between writing and presence in the work of Maurice Blanchot and defines the textual grounds of presence in the order of literature, using Michel Foucault's concepts of "literary space" and the "thought of the outside" as theoretical referents. While the objective of examining that relation is to deconstruct the link between presence and language, Blanchot leads us to consider that continuity in terms of a never complete or fulfilled presence that remains as discontinuity, as promise and absence that must be preserved. (shrink)

El artículo propone un análisis del tratamiento kantiano de la �Tercera antinomia de la razón pura� (en la que se examina la posibilidad de conciliar la libertad trascendental con el determinismo natural), a fin de mostrar el carácter infundado de aquella interpretación que sostiene que la resolución crítica de dicha antinomia supone un desplazamiento respecto de los términos cosmológicos en los que el conflicto es planteado originariamente. A través de un análisis pormenorizado de las fuentes, procuraremos establecer que el conflicto (...) analizado en la �Tercera antinomia� no es de carácter exclusivamente cosmológico, sino que constituye asimismo �y en igual medida� un conflicto práctico y, en segundo lugar, que la solución crítica no es desarrollada en términos exclusivamente prácticos, sino que involucra asimismo aspectos directamente vinculados con la cuestión cosmológica inicialmente formulada. (shrink)

Las observaciones que Kant formula en sus obras críticas acerca de la existencia de la cosa en sí han dado lugar a importantes objeciones y agudas discusiones entre los intérpretes. En este trabajo proponemos una reflexión acerca de la posibilidad de establecer el estatus epistemológico correspondiente a dichas observaciones, haciendo uso del concepto kantiano de creencia doctrinal.

The article offers an analysis of Kant’ s “Third Antinomy of Pure Reason” (in which he examines the possibility of reconciling Transcendental freedom with natural Determinism), in order to show the lack of grounds of the interpretation that claims that the critical resolution of the antinomy implies a shift with respect to the cosmological terms in which the conflict was initially stated. Through a detailed analysis of the sources, we will suggest that the conflict analyzed in the Third Antinomy is (...) not exclusively cosmological, but rather that it also –and to the same degree– constitutes a practical conflict, and, secondly, that the critical solution is not developed in exclusively practical terms, but that it also involves certain aspects directly linked to the cosmological question initially formulated. (shrink)

The Kantian remarks concerning the thing in itself as cause of the sensitive affection are certainly problematic, since they seem to contradict the Critical principle that states the unknowability of things in themselves, and seem to involve, on the other hand, an illegitimate use of the categories...

Resumen: Este trabajo examina la posición que adopta Kant en la polémica del spinozismo, la cual involucró a importantes figuras de la Ilustración alemana en un debate acerca de los alcances y límites de la razón. Con la publicación del texto Was heisst: Sich im Denken orientiren?, Kant rechaza tanto la posición de Jacobi -quien declara que la razón es incapaz de arribar a una demostración de la existencia de Dios y proclama la necesidad de un "salto a la fe"- (...) como la posición de Mendelssohn, quien confía en las posibilidades de la razón para alcanzar tal demostración. A través de una concepción de la razón como facultad crítica y autónoma, Kant toma una posición mediadora en el debate, y establece los alcances y límites de la razón, fundamentalmente en lo que atañe a la representación de Dios como ser originario. El concepto de razón esbozado en el escrito de 1786 deja entrever la insoslayable dimensión política ínsita en la noción kantiana de publicidad. El modo en que Kant concibe allí la conexión entre razón, crítica, publicidad y política trasciende los márgenes de dicha polémica e introduce cuestiones fundamentales sobre las condiciones político-jurídicas que se requieren para el ejercicio autónomo del pensamiento. Sin embargo, y pese a la radicalidad de los planteamientos kantianos, la naturalización racionalista de la creencia religiosa supone un límite de la filosofía crítica que exige revisarse a la luz de criterios actuales.: This paper analyzes the position taken by Kant in the controversy of Spinozism, which engaged many important thinkers of the German Enlightenment in a debate on the scope and limits of reason. With the publication of Was heisst: Sich im Denken orientiren?, Kant takes part in the debate and rejects both the position adopted by Jacobi -who regards reason as incapable of reaching a demonstration of God's existence and thus proclaims the necessity of a "leap of faith"-, and Mendelssohn's position, who trusts in the possibilities of reason to reach such a demonstration. By means of a conception of reason as a critical and autonomous faculty, Kant attempts to go beyond both positions, and sets the scope and limits of reason in regard to the representation of God as the originating being. The concept of reason developed within the framework of the critical project exhibits its unavoidable political dimension in the text of 1786. Kant establishes there a connection between reason, critique, publicity, and politics that goes beyond the margins of the controversy and addresses fundamental issues regarding the political and juridical conditions required for an autonomous exercise of reason. However, despite the radical character of Kant's proposals, the rationalistic naturalization of religious belief represents a limit to his critical philosophy, and should be revised by the lights of current criteria. (shrink)

In this paper we intend to discuss the problem of the ontological status of the object given to the sensibility, as it is established in the §1 of the Transcendental Aesthetics . If -attending to the results of Transcendental Analytic- the object of experience can be thought only by the mediation of the categories, the significance of this reference to the given object in the Aesthetic appears as rather obscure. Many interpreters have tried to solve this problem stating that such (...) reference corresponds to the level of common sense. We believe, however, that there is no need to appeal to such a concept, for the distinction between reality and ideality -in both empirical and transcendental senses- introduced in the §3 of the Transcendental Aesthetics as a reference to the status of space, is useful to consider the status of the given object, with important consequences concerning the interpretation of the Transcendental Idealism. (shrink)

En este trabajo proponemos examinar una doble exigencia formulada por Kant en El conflicto de las Facultades –a saber, la exigencia de libertad y la exigencia del orden–, a fin de señalar la premisa básica subyacente a dicha exigencia, esto es: la idea de que el orden público constituye la condición fundamental para la preservación del estado civil, entendido como el único estado en el que los hombres pueden ejercer plenamente su derecho innato a la libertad. Atendiendo a este objetivo, (...) examinaremos el modo en que Kant caracteriza la contienda entre las Facultades, destacando el sentido eminentemente político del conflicto, y analizaremos la función específica que asigna a cada una de las Facultades, haciendo especial énfasis en la determinación de los límites establecidos para el libre ejercicio de la razón filosófica. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar el modo en que Kant concibe la relación entre el derecho político, el derecho de gentes y el derecho cosmopolita, en dos de sus textos de madurez: Hacia la paz perpetua y La metafísica de las costumbre s. El análisis de esta cuestión no solo permite esclarecer principios fundamentales de su filosofía jurídico-política, sino que aporta además nociones relevantes para la actual discusión acerca de los derechos humanos, el cosmopolitismo y el derecho internacional; (...) temáticas que posicionan a Kant como uno de los autores modernos de mayor presencia en el marco del debate filosófico contemporáneo. En primer lugar, examinaré la posición asumida por el filósofo con respecto al intervencionismo, que resulta especialmente relevante para comprender la relación entre el derecho político y el derecho de gentes, ya que obliga a pensar el alcance y los límites del principio de soberanía estatal. En segundo lugar, haré referencia al modo en que este autor concibe la conexión entre el republicanismo y la institución de una comunidad jurídica internacional, e intentaré mostrar que se trata aquí de fines independientes —y a la vez, vinculados— a los que debemos aproximarnos en un proceso de perfeccionamiento gradual de las instituciones jurídicas. (shrink)

In their respective projects to consolidate the institutions of International Right, Rousseau and Kant address the issue concerning the binding character of international juridical norms. While Rousseau states that it is necessary to constitute a coercive supranational power, authorized to force the European States to enter the International confederation, to compel them to remain in it and to enforce international laws, Kant considers that such a power would threaten the sovereignty of the States, and leans towards a confederation of free (...) States, not subordinated to a common coercive power. In this paper I analyze the premises which underlie each of these approaches and that might help to understand the different positions assumed by Rousseau and Kant regarding the problem of the juridical regulation of international relations. (shrink)

To foster understanding in the psychopathology of patients with anorexia nervosa at the psychological and physiological level, standardized experimental studies on reliable biomarkers are needed, especially due to the lack of disorder-specific samples. To this end, the autonomic nervous system response to a psychosocial stressor was investigated in n = 19 PAN, age, and gender-matched to n = 19 healthy controls. For this purpose, heart rate and heart rate variability parameters were assessed in a cross-sectional study design under two experimental (...) conditions: rest and stress. In addition, psychological indicators of stress were assessed. An 2 × 2 × 8 ANOVA demonstrated similar HR and HRV patterns between PAN and HC at rest. Under stress, PAN demonstrated a blunted HR [condition*time*group: F = 9.326, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.206] and an attenuated HRV response. Significant effects of stress appraisal and BMI on HRV-reactivity were revealed. SA on SDNN = Condition*time*SA = F = 2.676, p = 0.033, η2 = 0.073. BMI on LF/HF-Ratio = Condition*time*BMI = F = 3.339, p = 0.019, η2 = 0.164. Psychological indices suggested higher levels of chronic and appraised stress in PAN relative to HC. Additional analyses demonstrated that ED-symptoms are highly correlated with the latter constructs, as well as with psychological burden, but not with weight. Further, it was shown that abnormalities in reactivity persisted despite normalized ANS activity. Overall, we suggested that besides weight recovery, improvement in stress appraisal could be beneficial for cardiac health. In this light, a combination of therapy and biofeedback training may improve treatment outcomes and regulate stress reactivity. (shrink)

Reproduced with permission from the Canadian Journal of Education.

Metacognitive training (MCT) was developed to promote awareness of reasoning biases among patients with schizophrenia. While MCT has been translated into 31 languages, most MCT studies were conducted in Europe, including newer evidence recommending an individualized approach of delivery. As reasoning biases covered in MCT are separable processes and are associated with different symptoms, testing the effect of selected MCT modules would help to develop a targeted and cost-effective intervention for specific symptoms and associated mechanisms. This study tested the efficacy (...) of a 4-session metacognitive training for delusions, MCTd (in Traditional Chinese with cultural adaptations, provided individually), as an adjunct to antipsychotics in reducing severity and conviction of delusions, jumping to conclusions bias and belief inflexibility. Forty-four patients with delusions were randomized into the MCTd or the wait-list control condition. Patients on wait-list received the same MCTd after four weeks of treatment as usual. Assessment interviews took place before and after the treatment, and at 4-week follow-up. There was an additional baseline assessment for the controls. Jumping to conclusions and belief flexibility were measured by the beads tasks and the Maudsley Assessment of Delusions Scale. Attendance rate of the MCTd was satisfactory (84.5%). Compared to treatment as usual, there was a greater reduction in psychotic symptoms, delusional severity and conviction following MCTd. There was a large treatment effect size in improvement in belief flexibility. Improvement in reaction to hypothetical contradiction predicted treatment effect in positive symptoms and delusions. Jumping to conclusions bias was reduced following MCTd, although the treatment effect was not significantly larger than TAU. Our results support the use of process-based interventions that target psychological mechanisms underlying specific psychotic symptoms as adjuncts to more conventional approach. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Kant-Studien Jahrgang: 110 Heft: 2 Seiten: 318-321.

This article deals mainly with problems of cultural/transcultural translation between the Quechua and Spanish cultures, analysing these on the basis of some ideas by Juri Lotman and Peeter Torop. The process of translation implies considering the Quechua semiosphere’s internal borders as well as the external borders related to the cultures that existed at the time of Tahuantin Suyo, and all changes that have come from the Spanish conquest of Latin America. In the case of the Quechua culture, the problems are (...) numerous and conflicting in several dimensions. First of all, Quechua is an agglutinating language that creates problems for translation into a flexional language such as Spanish. Secondly, and more importantly, there exists a mythopoetical model of the world that has been built in this culture, which does not use concepts of rational logic, but poetic images integrated into mythical thinking: it represents a different cognitive pattern. Thirdly, the presence of the logic of the concrete in Quechua culture, articulated with the mythopoetical model, makes translation from Western abstract formal logic difficult. Reflections on these issues provide new analytical possibilities. (shrink)

El liberalismo de Carlos S. Nino evolucionó desde sus primeros trabajos vinculados al derecho penal, hacia la construcción de una teoría de la democracia deliberativa. Desde sus comienzos, siguiendo a los autores liberales clásicos como John Stuart Mill, hasta el final en donde adhirió a un liberalismo igualitario, hubo construcciones que acompañaron este proceso, como el concepto de autonomía personal, y también ciertos ideales morales, como un oposición concreta al perfeccionismo. El texto presenta al liberalismo de Nino al comienzo y (...) al final de su obra para mostrar que el antiperfeccionismo originado en el liberalismo clásico que servía de base para construir su concepción de la autonomía, se mantuvo inalterado durante todo este proceso de evolución dificultando la compatibilización de su teoría de la responsabilidad penal con su teoría de la democracia deliberativa, orientada hacia el liberalismo igualitario. (shrink)

El artículo expone dos visiones acerca de la legitimidad del castigo en contextos de exclusión social. En la primera parte, uno de los autores defiende la idea de que los Estados que incumplen con obligaciones legales previas no pueden inculpar a quienes cometan delitos vinculados con ese incumplimiento. No pueden hacerlo porque no tienen el estatus moral para hacerlo de acuerdo a dos objeciones: la de complicidad y la de hipocresía. En la segunda parte, la segunda autora critica esta solución (...) al sostener que la falta de reciprocidad que caracteriza a la relación política vuelve inaplicables las objeciones de hipocresía y complicidad al ámbito del castigo penal estatal. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Feminist Studies 47, no. 1. © 2021 by Feminist Studies, Inc. 201 Ileana Nachescu Censoring Anglogynophobia: Reconsidering the Disappearance of the National Alliance of Black Feminists Black women’s activism in the 1970s has often been located in the fissures between the civil rights movement, women’s liberation movement, and Black nationalism—a form of “interstitial feminism,” in the words of Kimberly Springer.1 Providing crucial interventions to disrupt male supremacy and (...) sexism within Black organizations as well as racism and homophobia within feminist organizations, Black feminist politics modeled a “vanguard center” whose liberation signaled the liberation of all.2 The Combahee River Collective’s “Black Feminist Statement” (1977), which has become a classic in women’s, gender, and sexuality studies curricula, encapsulates the power of this transformative image. The Combahee River Collective was not the only Black feminist group active in the second half of the 1970s, of course. The Third World Women’s Alliance (TWWA), founded in 1969, had a vibrant presence on both the East Coast and the West Coast throughout this decade. The National Black Feminist Organization (NBFO), active between 1973 and 1975, mobilized Black women around the country and gave the impetus for the formation of several local chapters. After NBFO ended, the 1. Kimberly Springer, “The Interstitial Politics of Black Feminist Organizations,” Meridians 1, no. 2 (Spring 2001): 156. 2. Benita Roth, Separate Roads to Feminism: Black, Chicana, and White Feminist Movements in America’s Second Wave (Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 91. 202 Ileana Nachescu National Alliance of Black Feminists (NABF) became perhaps the bestknown Black women’s organization at the time due to appearances on national television, articles and essays published in multiple Black and feminist venues, and its attempt to build a national organization. In October 1977, NABF’s national conference, “A Meeting of the Minds,” attracted more than two hundred African American women to Chicago for two days in order to discuss their experiences, listen to speakers, and develop an agenda to address the most pressing issues of the day. To this day, the long list of resolutions passed at this conference constitutes the most comprehensive set of political, economic, and cultural demands collectively devised by African American women. Yet, more than four decades later, NABF has disappeared from public consciousness, remembered only by a small group of feminist historians. The erasure of NABF from women’s history and Black history is a puzzle—in part because the organization excelled at the kinds of activities that leave visible traces. In an interview with Kimberly Springer, Combahee River Collective founder Barbara Smith noted that “People who write get far more visibility than those who don’t.”3 But NABF Executive Director Brenda Eichelberger published many essays in regional and national periodicals documenting diverse initiatives by Black feminists in the 1970s. Furthermore, unlike many feminist organizations that did not record their operations or whose records have been lost, NABF intentionally gathered and preserved rich archival materials.4 Using materials from the National Alliance of Black Feminists archives, I suggest that NABF defies many received views about Black feminist activism, and this defiance makes attention to NABF all the more vital to the history of US feminism. By examining NABF’s original theorization of “Anglogynophobia,” Black women’s distrust of and animosity toward white women, I advance a much darker explanation for the 3. Kimberly Springer, Living for the Revolution: Black Feminist Organizations, 1968–1980 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005), 75. 4. For this article, I have conducted research at the following archival sites: Brenda Eichelberger / National Alliance of Black Feminists Papers, Vivian G. Harsh Research Collection of Afro-American History and Literature, Chicago Public Library; Brenda Eichelberger / National Alliance of Black Feminists Papers, 1974–1997, Chicago History Museum Research Center; and National Black Feminist Organization collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Illinois at Chicago. Ileana Nachescu 203 disappearance of NABF from feminist histories—one linked to the politics of erasure. There is clear evidence that NABF’s efforts to reveal Black women’s perceptions of persistent racism and white supremacy within the feminist movement was censored, as the series of articles titled “Anglogynophobia!” was canceled prior to completion by... (shrink)

This article deals mainly with problems of cultural/transcultural translation between the Quechua and Spanish cultures, analysing these on the basis of some ideas by Juri Lotman and Peeter Torop. The process of translation implies considering the Quechua semiosphere’s internal borders as well as the external borders related to the cultures that existed at the time of Tahuantin Suyo, and all changes that have come from the Spanish conquest of Latin America. In the case of the Quechua culture, the problems are (...) numerous and conflicting in several dimensions. First of all, Quechua is an agglutinating language that creates problems for translation into a flexional language such as Spanish. Secondly, and more importantly, there exists a mythopoetical model of the world that has been built in this culture, which does not use concepts of rational logic, but poetic images integrated into mythical thinking: it represents a different cognitive pattern. Thirdly, the presence of the logic of the concrete in Quechua culture, articulated with the mythopoetical model, makes translation from Western abstract formal logic difficult. Reflections on these issues provide new analytical possibilities. (shrink)