Results for 'David G. Rand'

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  1.  99
    Human cooperation.David G. Rand & Martin A. Nowak - 2013 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 17 (8):413.
  2.  32
    Cyclical population dynamics of automatic versus controlled processing: An evolutionary pendulum.David G. Rand, Damon Tomlin, Adam Bear, Elliot A. Ludvig & Jonathan D. Cohen - 2017 - Psychological Review 124 (5):626-642.
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  3. Lazy, not biased: Susceptibility to partisan fake news is better explained by lack of reasoning than by motivated reasoning.Gordon Pennycook & David G. Rand - 2018 - Cognition 188 (C):39-50.
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  4.  42
    Divine intuition: Cognitive style influences belief in God.Amitai Shenhav, David G. Rand & Joshua D. Greene - 2012 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 141 (3):423.
  5.  23
    Can Strategic Ignorance Explain the Evolution of Love?Adam Bear & David G. Rand - 2019 - Topics in Cognitive Science 11 (2):393-408.
    Why do people enter devoted relationships when they can continue looking for better partners? The “strategic ignorance” account holds that remaining ignorant about alternative partners is a signal that you are a high‐quality partner. Despite this intuition, the authors show that evolution favors a “look while allowing your partner to look” strategy, unless the costs of being rejected by a looking partner are extremely high. Thus, the origins of love must be found elsewhere.
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  6.  17
    The evolution of analytic thought?Gordon Pennycook & David G. Rand - 2017 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40.
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  7.  16
    Retaliation and antisocial punishment are overlooked in many theoretical models as well as behavioral experiments.Anna Dreber & David G. Rand - 2012 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35 (1):24-24.
    Guala argues that there is a mismatch between most laboratory experiments on costly punishment and behavior in the field. In the lab, experimental designs typically suppress retaliation. The same is true for most theoretical models of the co-evolution of costly punishment and cooperation, which a priori exclude the possibility of defectors punishing cooperators.
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  8.  18
    Bayesian or biased? Analytic thinking and political belief updating.Ben M. Tappin, Gordon Pennycook & David G. Rand - 2020 - Cognition 204 (C):104375.
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  9.  41
    When do we punish people who don’t?Justin W. Martin, Jillian J. Jordan, David G. Rand & Fiery Cushman - 2019 - Cognition 193 (C):104040.
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  10.  15
    Thinking more or thinking differently? Using drift-diffusion modeling to illuminate why accuracy prompts decrease misinformation sharing.Hause Lin, Gordon Pennycook & David G. Rand - 2023 - Cognition 230 (C):105312.
  11.  13
    Cultural evolution need not imply group selection.Dorsa Amir, Matthew R. Jordan & David G. Rand - 2016 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 39.
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  12.  20
    Individual difference in acts of self-sacrifice.Michael N. Stagnaro, Rebecca Littman & David G. Rand - 2018 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 41:e217.
    Whitehouse's model explains when people engage in self-sacrifice, but not who is most likely to do so. We propose incorporating individual differences, such as cognitive style (one's inclination toward intuition versus deliberation), and argue that individuals who rely on intuition may be more likely to (1) develop group identity fusion after an emotional experience and (2) engage in pro-social self-sacrifice.
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  13.  14
    Emotion may predict susceptibility to fake news but emotion regulation does not seem to help.Bence Bago, Leah R. Rosenzweig, Adam J. Berinsky & David G. Rand - 2022 - Cognition and Emotion 36 (6):1166-1180.
    Misinformation is a serious concern for societies across the globe. To design effective interventions to combat the belief in and spread of misinformation, we must understand which psychological processes influence susceptibility to misinformation. This paper tests the widely assumed – but largely untested – claim that emotionally provocative headlines are associated with worse ability to identify true versus false headlines. Consistent with this proposal, we found correlational evidence that overall emotional response at the headline level is associated with diminished truth (...)
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  14.  13
    Marxism as a Natural Science: Alexander Bogdanov’s Anti-Revisionist Revisionism.David G. Rowley - forthcoming - Historical Materialism:1-30.
    Discussion of Alexander Bogdanov as a Marxist revisionist has largely centred on his philosophy of being and cognition and on Plekhanov’s and Lenin’s accusation that Bogdanov was an idealist renegade from Marxism. However, the real issue of revisionism at the time was not materialism but determinism: the question of whether socialism would appear by the working of the objective laws of nature or the subjective will of human beings. Bogdanov did indeed revise Marxism, but he did so in order to (...)
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  15.  37
    Dignity, Being and Becoming in Research Ethics.David G. Kirchhoffer - 2019 - In David G. Kirchhoffer & Bernadette Richards (eds.), Beyond Autonomy: Limits and Alternatives to Informed Consent in Research Ethics and Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Since the end of World War II, most guidelines governing human research seem to have relied on the principle of respect for autonomy as a key, though not sole, criterion in assessing the moral validity of research involving human participants.1 One explanation for this apparent reliance on respect for autonomy may be that respect for autonomy, made effective through the practice of obtaining informed consent, functions as a useful proxy when dealing with competent adults for the more complex principle of (...)
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  16.  11
    The Uses of Wittgenstein's Beetle: Philosophical Investigations §293 and Its Interpreters.David G. Stern - 2007-08-24 - In Guy Kahane, Edward Kanterian & Oskari Kuusela (eds.), Wittgenstein and His Interpreters. Blackwell. pp. 248–268.
    This chapter contains section titled: Introduction: Baker on the Private Language Argument Strawson's and Malcolms Interpretations of the Beetle Story Pitcher's, Cook's, and Donagan's Interpretations of the Beetle Story Cohen's Repudiation of the Beetle Story Hacker's and Baker's Interpretations of the Beetle Story.
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  17.  53
    Beneficence in Research Ethics.David G. Kirchhoffer, C. Favor & C. Cordner - 2019 - In David G. Kirchhoffer & Bernadette Richards (eds.), Beyond Autonomy: Limits and Alternatives to Informed Consent in Research Ethics and Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    This chapter examines the explicit and implicit roles that the concept of beneficence plays in the guidelines that govern biomedical research involving humans. We suggest that the role beneficence is actually playing in the guidelines is more comprehensive than is commonly assumed. The broader conceptualisation of beneficence proposed here clarifies the relationship of beneficence to respect for autonomy. It does this by showing how respect for autonomy is at the service of beneficence rather than in tension with it.
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  18.  30
    Introduction: The Limits of Respect for Autonomy.David G. Kirchhoffer - 2019 - In David G. Kirchhoffer & Bernadette Richards (eds.), Beyond Autonomy: Limits and Alternatives to Informed Consent in Research Ethics and Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    This book makes an important contribution to ongoing efforts in the fields of medical law and bioethics to answer the challenges posed by the limitations of the principle of respect for autonomy, especially as these pertain to human research ethics. The principle of respect for autonomy seems to have become firmly embedded in human research ethics since its inclusion in the 1947 Nuremberg Code, which was a response to atrocities committed by Nazi doctors. Nonetheless, there is an increasing awareness of (...)
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  19. Natural Rights: A Criticism of Some Political and Ethical Conceptions.David G. Ritchie - 2003 - Routledge.
    First published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
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  20.  49
    Psychic ID: A blueprint for a modern national identity scheme.David G. W. Birch - 2008 - Identity in the Information Society 1 (1):189-201.
    The issue of identity cards is hotly debated in many countries, but it often seems to be an oddly backward-looking debate that presumes outdated “Orwellian” architectures. In the modern world, surely we should be debating the requirements for national identity management schemes, in which identity cards may or may not be a useful implementation, before we move on to architecture. If so, then, what should a U.K. national identity management scheme for the 21st century look like? Can we assemble a (...)
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  21.  35
    Beyond Autonomy: Limits and Alternatives to Informed Consent in Research Ethics and Law.David G. Kirchhoffer & Bernadette Richards (eds.) - 2019 - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Respect for autonomy has become a fundamental principle in human research ethics. Nonetheless, this principle and the associated process of obtaining informed consent do have limitations. This can lead to some groups, many of them vulnerable, being left understudied. This book considers these limitations and contributes through legal and philosophical analyses to the search for viable approaches to human research ethics. It explores the limitations of respect for autonomy and informed consent both in law and through the examination of cases (...)
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  22. Wittgenstein on mind and language.David G. Stern - 1995 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Drawing on ten years of research on the unpublished Wittgenstein papers, Stern investigates what motivated Wittgenstein's philosophical writing and casts new light on the Tractatus and Philosophical Investigations. The book is an exposition of Wittgenstein's early conception of the nature of representation and how his later revision and criticism of that work led to a radically different way of looking at mind and language. It also explains how the unpublished manuscripts and typescripts were put together and why they often provide (...)
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  23.  73
    Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations: An Introduction.David G. Stern - 2004 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    In this new introduction to a classic philosophical text, David Stern examines Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations. He gives particular attention to both the arguments of the Investigations and the way in which the work is written, and especially to the role of dialogue in the book. While he concentrates on helping the reader to arrive at his or her own interpretation of the primary text, he also provides guidance to the unusually wide range of existing interpretations, and to the reasons (...)
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  24. Models of memory: Wittgenstein and cognitive science.David G. Stern - 1991 - Philosophical Psychology 4 (2):203-18.
  25. Impure Semiotic Objections to Markets.David G. Dick - 2018 - Public Affairs Quarterly 32 (3):227-246.
    Semiotic objections to markets urge us not to place a good on the market because of the message that doing so would send. Brennan and Jaworski reject them on the grounds that either the contingent semiotics of a market can be changed or the weakness of semiotic reasons allows them to be ignored. The scope of their argument neglects the impure semiotic objections that claim that the message a market sends causes, constitutes, or involves a nonsemiotic wrong. These are the (...)
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  26. Wittgenstein’s Place in Twentieth-Century Analytic Philosophy.David G. Stern & P. M. S. Hacker - 1999 - Philosophical Review 108 (3):449.
    Originally conceived as a forty-page conclusion to Hacker’s twenty years of work on the monumental four-volume Analytical Commentary on the Philosophical Investigations, this book “rapidly assumed a life of its own”. A major contribution to the history of analytic philosophy, this substantial volume delivers even more than the title promises. The eight chapters are best approached as a six-chapter book, itself some 220 pages long, on Wittgenstein’s contribution to twentieth-century philosophy, followed by a two-chapter, 120-page epilogue about how and why (...)
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  27. Transformable Goods and the Limits of What Money Can Buy.David G. Dick - 2017 - Moral Philosophy and Politics 4 (1):121-140.
    There are some things money literally cannot buy. Invariably transformable goods are such things because when they are exchanged for money, they become something else. These goods are destroyed rather than transferred in monetary exchanges. They mark out an impassable limit beyond which money and the market cannot reach. They cannot be for sale, in the strongest and most literal sense. Variably transformable goods are similar. They can be destroyed when offered or exchanged for money, but they differ in their (...)
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  28.  68
    Human Dignity and Human Enhancement: A Multidimensional Approach.David G. Kirchhoffer - 2017 - Bioethics 31 (5):375-383.
    In the debates concerning the ethics of human enhancement through biological or technological modifications, there have been several appeals to the concept of human dignity, both by those favouring such enhancement and by those opposing it. The result is the phenomenon of ‘dignity talk', where opposing sides both appeal to the concept of human dignity to ground their arguments resulting in a moral impasse. This article examines the use of the concept of human dignity in the enhancement debates and reveals (...)
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  29.  19
    Three-dimensional object recognition from single two-dimensional images.David G. Lowe - 1987 - Artificial Intelligence 31 (3):355-395.
  30. The harm of medical disorder as harm in the damage sense.David G. Limbaugh - 2019 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 40 (1):1-19.
    Jerome Wakefield has argued that a disorder is a harmful dysfunction. This paper develops how Wakefield should construe harmful in his harmful dysfunction analysis. Recently, Neil Feit has argued that classic puzzles involved in analyzing harm render Wakefield’s HDA better off without harm as a necessary condition. Whether or not one conceives of harm as comparative or non-comparative, the concern is that the HDA forces people to classify as mere dysfunction what they know to be a disorder. For instance, one (...)
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  31. The social animal.David G. Myers - 2011 - In Malcolm A. Jeeves (ed.), Rethinking human nature: a multidisciplinary approach. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co..
     
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  32.  15
    Wittgenstein: Lectures, Cambridge 1930-1933: From the Notes of G. E. Moore.David G. Stern, Brian Rogers & Gabriel Citron (eds.) - 2016 - Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
    This edition of G. E. Moore's notes taken at Wittgenstein's seminal Cambridge lectures in the early 1930s provides, for the first time, an almost verbatim record of those classes. The presentation of the notes is both accessible and faithful to their original manuscripts, and a comprehensive introduction and synoptic table of contents provide the reader with essential contextual information and summaries of the topics in each lecture. The lectures form an excellent introduction to Wittgenstein's middle-period thought, covering a broad range (...)
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  33.  92
    The Idea of Humanity: Anthropology and Anthroponomy in Kant’s Ethics.David G. Sussman - 2001 - New York: Routledge.
    Examining the significance of Kant's account of "rational faith," this study argues that he profoundly revises his account of the human will and the moral philosophy of it in his later religious writings.
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  34.  37
    Dignity, Autonomy, and Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources During COVID-19.David G. Kirchhoffer - 2020 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 17 (4):691-696.
    Ruth Macklin argued that dignity is nothing more than respect for persons or their autonomy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, difficult decisions are being made about the allocation of scarce resources. Respect for autonomy cannot justify rationing decisions. Justice can be invoked to justify rationing. However, this leaves an uncomfortable tension between the principles. Dignity is not a useless concept because it is able to account for why we respect autonomy and for why it can be legitimate to override autonomy in (...)
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  35.  31
    The Later Wittgenstein: The Emergence of a New Philosophical Method.David G. Stern & S. Stephen Hilmy - 1990 - Philosophical Review 99 (4):639.
  36.  53
    The University of Iowa Tractatus Map.David G. Stern - 2016 - Nordic Wittgenstein Review 5 (2):203-220.
    Drawing on recent work on the nature of the numbering system of the _Tractatus_ and Wittgenstein’s use of that system in his composition of the _Prototractatus_, the paper sets out the rationale for the online tool called__ __ The University of Iowa Tractatus Map. The map consists of a website with a front page that links to two separate subway-style maps of the hypertextual numbering system Wittgenstein used in his _Tractatus_. One map displays the structure of the published _Tractatus_; the (...)
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  37.  10
    Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for the Treatment of Music Performance Anxiety: A Pilot Study with Student Vocalists.David G. Juncos, Glenn A. Heinrichs, Philip Towle, Kiera Duffy, Sebastian M. Grand, Matthew C. Morgan, Jonathan D. Smith & Evan Kalkus - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
  38.  8
    The American Paradox: Spiritual Hunger in an Age of Plenty.David G. Myers - 2000 - Yale University Press.
    Well-known social psychologist David G. Myers addresses why Americans can have so many social problems--reflecting a deep spiritual poverty--at a time when material wealth is at record levels. 32 illustrations.
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  39.  42
    How Many Wittgensteins?David G. Stern - 2006 - In Alois Pichler & Simo Säätelä (eds.), Wittgenstein: The Philosopher and his Works. Ontos Verlag.
    The paper maps out and responds to some of the main areas of disagreement over the nature of Wittgenstein’s philosophy: (1) Between defenders of a “two Wittgensteins” reading (which draws a sharp distinction between early and late Wittgenstein) and the opposing “one Wittgenstein” interpretation. (2) Among “two-Wittgensteins” interpreters as to when the later philosophy emerged, and over the central difference between early and late Wittgenstein. (3) Between those who hold that Wittgenstein opposes only past philosophy in order to do philosophy (...)
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  40. Hunger, Need, and the Boundaries of Lockean Property.David G. Dick - 2019 - Dialogue 58 (3):527-552.
    Locke’s property rights are now usually understood to be both fundamental and strictly negative. Fundamental because they are thought to be basic constraints on what we may do, unconstrained by anything deeper. Negative because they are thought to only protect a property holder against the claims of others. Here, I argue that this widespread interpretation is mistaken. For Locke, property rights are constrained by the deeper ‘fundamental law of nature,’ which involves positive obligations to those in need and confines the (...)
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  41.  23
    A Comparison of Menstrual Bleeding Patterns Associated with Three Iud Models: An Example of Reference Period Analysis.David G. Mayes - 1977 - Journal of Biosocial Science 9 (1):121-135.
  42.  43
    The Practical Turn.David G. Stern - 2003 - In Stephen P. Turner & Paul Roth (eds.), The Blackwell Guidebook to the Philosophy of the Social Sciences. Blackwell. pp. 11--185.
  43.  23
    Spiritual Themes and Challenges in Global Health.David G. Addiss - 2018 - Journal of Medical Humanities 39 (3):337-348.
    Although the importance of spirituality is increasingly recognized in clinical medicine, spirituality is rarely mentioned in the practice, literature, or training programs of global health. To understand the role of spirituality in global health practice and identify factors that influence and limit its expression, I initiated conversations and informal interviews with more than 300 global health leaders, students, and practitioners during 2010-2014. Four spiritual themes or challenges emerged: compassion at a distance; dichotomous thinking; conspiracy of silence; and compulsion to save (...)
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  44.  76
    Aesthetic perception in Dufrenne's phenomenology of aesthetic experience.David G. Allen - 1978 - Philosophy Today 22 (1):50-64.
  45.  23
    Letter to the Editor: The Function of Animal Ethics Committee.David G. Allen & Rebecca Halligan - 2013 - Between the Species 16 (1):1.
  46. The availability of Wittgenstein's philosophy.David G. Stern - 1996 - In Hans D. Sluga & David G. Stern (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Wittgenstein. Cambridge University Press.
     
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  47.  6
    The Practical Turn.David G. Stern - 2003 - In Stephen P. Turner & Paul A. Roth (eds.), The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of the Social Sciences. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. pp. 185–206.
    This chapter contains sections titled: What is Practice Theory? What is a Practice? Being‐in‐the‐World and Practical Holism Two Philosophers and an Antiphilosophy: Kripkenstein, Winchgenstein, and Therapeutic Quietism Winchgensteinian Practice Theory From Winchgenstein to Frankenstein Investigating Practices Note.
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  48.  24
    Motivated empathy: The mechanics of the empathic gaze.David G. Cowan, Eric J. Vanman & Mark Nielsen - 2014 - Cognition and Emotion 28 (8):1522-1530.
  49.  32
    Wittgenstein in the 1930s: Between the Tractatus and the Investigations.David G. Stern (ed.) - 2018 - New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    Wittgenstein's 'middle period' is often seen as a transitional phase connecting his better-known early and later philosophies. The fifteen essays in this volume focus both on the distinctive character of his teaching and writing in the 1930s, and on its pivotal importance for an understanding of his philosophy as a whole. They offer wide-ranging perspectives on the central issue of how best to identify changes and continuities in his philosophy during those years, as well as on particular topics in the (...)
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  50. Wittgenstein, the Vienna Circle, and physicalism: A reassessment.David G. Stern - 2007 - In Alan Richardson & Thomas Uebel (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Logical Empiricism. Cambridge University Press. pp. 305--31.
    The "standard account" of Wittgenstein’s relations with the Vienna Circle is that the early Wittgenstein was a principal source and inspiration for the Circle’s positivistic and scientific philosophy, while the later Wittgenstein was deeply opposed to the logical empiricist project of articulating a "scientific conception of the world." However, this telegraphic summary is at best only half-true and at worst deeply misleading. For it prevents us appreciating the fluidity and protean character of their philosophical dialogue. In retrospectively attributing clear-cut positions (...)
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