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Asian Philosophy > Chinese Philosophy > Chinese Neo-Confucianism > Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism > Lu Xiangshan
Lu Xiangshan
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| Summary | Lu Xiangshan (Lu Hsiang-Shan 陸象山; Lu Jiuyuan陸九淵, 1139-1193) is most famous for his philosophical disagreement with Zhu Xi, which led to the formation of the school of the heart/mind (xingxue 心學) founded by Wang Yangming. Lu and his brother met up with Zhu Xi at the Goose Lake and later exchanged numerous letters, which became more and more heated. This exchange later became known as the Goose Lake Meeting (erhuzhihui 鵝湖之會). Their philosophical disagreement centered on their different methodology of becoming a sage. Lu criticized Zhu Xi for overemphasizing the investigation of all sorts of things, and claimed that such pursuit of external knowledge is too “trivial” and fragmented to truly benefit the learner. Instead, as he argues, one should focus on one’s own mind to seek true wisdom in dealing with worldly affairs. Zhu Xi, on the other hand, thought that Lu’s teaching is too simplified and too idle. Lu’s famous slogan is “The Universe is my mind; my mind is the Universe.” His teaching greatly influenced Wang Yangming, who later advocated the learning of the heart/mind, which became a dominant view in late Ming dynasty. |
| Key works | There is fortunately a good reader on both Lu Xiangshan’s and Wang Yangming’s writings, Ivanhoe 2009, which gives a fair representation of the two philosophers’ comments and writings. Ching 1974 and Huang 1987 provide good historical background and philosophical analysis of the famed Goose Lake Debate. |
| Introductions | Ivanhoe, Philip J. Readings from the Lu-Wang School of Neo-Confucianism. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 2009. This book gives reliable and elegant translations of selected works by Lu Xiangshan and Wang Yangming. Ivanhoe is a seasoned scholar on Chinese philosophy, and his translation reflects a deep philosophical understanding of the two philosophers’ views, as well as a comprehensive knowledge of the tradition of Chinese philosophy. Ching 1974 gives a historical reconstruction of the Goose Lake debate, and cast the focus of Lu and Zhu’s debate over the primacy of learning or wisdom. The details of the Goose Lake Debate are well known to Chinese scholars, but for those who are not familiar with the history, this paper serves as a reliable guide to the debate. Huang 1987 offers a new interpretation of the nature of the debate, and argues that the central disagreement between Zhu Xi and Lu Xiangshan is not on their methodology, but in their respective ontological presupposition of the nature of mind. This interpretation, though contrary to the traditional view, is quite convincing and it offers a new understanding of the key issues in Neo-Confucianism. Huang 1944 is the only book-length monograph devoted to Lu Xiangshan. Written by the author of Essentials of Neo-Confucianism (Huang 1999, cited under Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism), this little book (less than one hundred pages) places Lu in his intellectual historical context and explains his cosmology in comparison to that of Zhu Xi. It can be used as a beginner’s guide to Lu Xiangshan. |
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Related
Siblings
- Zhou Dunyi (9)
- Shao Yong (7)
- Zhang Zai (23)
- Cheng Hao (16)
- Cheng Yi (21)
- Zhu Xi (108)
- Wang Yangming (94)
- Wang Fuzhi (9)
- Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism, Misc (100)
Contents
11 found
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- Lu Xiangshan, Wang Yangming, and the Early Heart-Mind Learning.George L. Israel - manuscriptDraft Chapter for Chinese Philosophy and Its Thinkers: From Ancient Times to the Present Day .
- Readings from the lu-Wang school of neo-confucianism (review).JeeLoo Liu - 2011 - Philosophy East and West 61 (2):388-391.
- Review of Philip J. Ivanhoe, Readings from the Lu-Wang School of Neo-Confucianism. [REVIEW]Justin Tiwald - 2009 - Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 9 (36).
- Song-Ming neo-Confucianism (2) : from Lu Jiuyuan to Wang Yang-Ming.Shu-Hsien Liu - 2008 - In Bo Mou (ed.), Routledge History of Chinese Philosophy. Routledge.Remove from this listExport citation
Bookmark - Flowing Within the Text: A Discussion on He Lin’s Explanation of Zhu Xi’s Method of Intuition.Xianglong Zhang - 2005 - Frontiers of Philosophy in China 1 (1):60-65.The author examines He Lin's interpretation of Zhu Xi's method of intuition from a phenomenological-hermeneutical perspective and by exposing Zhu's philosophical presuppositions. In contrast with Lu Xiangshan's intuitive method, Zhu Xi's method of reading classics advocates "emptying your heart and flowing with the text" and, in this spirit, explains the celebrated "exhaustive investigation on the principles of things (ge wu qiong li)." "Text," according to Zhu, is therefore not an object in ordinary sense but a "contextual region" or "sensible pattern" (...)
- Philosophy, philology, and politics in eighteenth-century China: Li Fu and the Lu-Wang school under the Chʻing.Chin-hsing Huang - 1995 - New York: Cambridge University Press.This book explains the general intellectual climate of the early Ch'ing period, and the political and cultural characteristics of the Ch'ing regime at the time. Professor Huang brings to life the book's central characters, Li Fu and the three great emperors - K'ang-hsi, Yung-cheng, and Chien-lung - whom he served. Although the author's main concern is to explain the contributions of Li Fu to the Lu-Wang school of Confucianism, he also gives a clearly written account of the Lu-Wang and Ch'eng-Chu (...)
- Chen beixi, lu xiangshan, and early tokugawa (1600-1867) philosophical lexicography.John Allen Tucker - 1993 - Philosophy East and West 43 (4):683-713.
- Chu hsi versus lu hsiang-Shan: A philosophical interpretation.Chin-Hsing Huang - 1987 - Journal of Chinese Philosophy 14 (2):179-208.
- Lu Xiangshan yan jiu.Jiping Lin - 1983 - Taibei Shi: Taiwan shang wu yin shu guan.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- The Goose Lake Monastery Debate.Julia Ching - 1974 - Journal of Chinese Philosophy 1 (2):161-178.The Goose Lake Monastery Debate was an important event in the history of Chinese thought, chiefly because it marked the differences between two of the greatest representatives of the movement of thought known in the West as Neo-Confucianism. In this article, it is my aim to offer a historical reconstruction of the events that took place, to give an exegetical analysis of the problems discussed, and to conclude with an interpretation that places these problems in a wider perspective. I hope (...)
- Lu Hsiang-shan: a twelfth century Chinese idealist philosopher.Siu-chi Huang - 1944 - Westport, Conn.: Hyperion Press.
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