Abū Bakr al-Bāqillānī is considered to be an important Muslim theologian, who significantly contributed to the development of Ashʿarite teaching and its consolidation as one of the most influential schools of Sunni kalām. Kalām is a form of theology which – as opposed to scripture-based approaches – attempts to demonstrate its doctrinal claims by rational arguments and proofs. Al-Bāqillānī belonged to the third generation of Ashʿarites, and he studied with several disciples of the school’s founder. He broadened the conceptual framework (...) of Ashʿarite theology, specifically under the impact of his debates with his intellectual rivals from the Muʿtazilite school of kalām. (shrink)

As the Spanish Civil War came to an end, hundreds of thousands of Spaniards who had opposed the military rebellion which initiated the war and remained loyal to the democratically elected government were forced into exile. Amongst them was the philosopher María Zambrano. While little known to an English-speaking readership, she represents a unique voice engaging with some of the fundamental problems of our times. Her life was marked, like that of her contemporaries Benjamin, Husserl, Arendt, Patočka, Adorno, Lacan, Derrida (...) and Blumenberg by the crisis of modernity culminating in the two World Wars. Her work is part of the same philosophical debates, currents and problems facing the Europe of her time. The aim of the volume María Zambrano amongst the philosophers, introduced in this article, is to focus on the links between Zambrano’s thought and a wide range of themes and ideas associated with these other European thinkers. A summary of Zambrano’s main philosophical concepts and preoccupations is also offered to help the reader situate the translated anthology of texts by the philosopher included in the volume. (shrink)

Departing from Nietzsche's considerations on the relationship between the unwillingness of forgetting and the willingness of memory, this text proposes a new approach to the history and philosophy of sciences through the re-interpretation of the historical relation between sciences and arts. It first examines the emergence of visual studies as a discipline intended to study the impact of new forms of visualization and expression in cultural processes. Then, it advocates a new writing of the history the science studies from the (...) recent developments in the so-called "historical epistemology". Historical epistemology implied shift of focus from scientific theories to epistemic categories, which enabled the analysis of sciences from new historized categories, embedded into cultural niches. This viewpoint is similar to those developed in visual culture studies and the structuralism of the 1970s. In this line, pioneering centres such as the Max Planck Institute in Berlin have already incorporated artists to their scientific community. Therefore, this text claims that, in order to look forward, we should look back at the history of different disciplines. The result of this re-interpretation is a polyphonic history, a hybrid that stands for the necessity of multidisciplinary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]. (shrink)

Departing from Nietzsche's considerations on the relationship between the unwillingness of forgetting and the willingness of memory, this text proposes a new approach to the history and philosophy of sciences through the re-interpretation of the historical relation between sciences and arts. It first examines the emergence of visual studies as a discipline intended to study the impact of new forms of visualization and expression in cultural processes. Then, it advocates a new writing of the history the science studies from the (...) recent developments in the so-called "historical epistemology". Historical epistemology implied shift of focus from scientific theories to epistemic categories, which enabled the analysis of sciences from new historized categories, embedded into cultural niches. This viewpoint is similar to those developed in visual culture studies and the structuralism of the 1970s. In this line, pioneering centres such as the Max Planck Institute in Berlin have already incorporated artists to their scientific community. Therefore, this text claims that, in order to look forward, we should look back at the history of different disciplines. The result of this re-interpretation is a polyphonic history, a hybrid that stands for the necessity of multidisciplinary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]. (shrink)

Abū l-Maʿālī al-Juwaynī is considered as the last important representative of so-called “early” Ashʿarism, a school of Sunni “rational theology”. He was the teacher of the famous Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī, with whom Ashʿarism entered a new phase and increasingly came under the influence of Avicennian philosophy. Yet the introduction of “philosophical” ideas into the doctrinal system of Ashʿarism was to some extent anticipated by al-Juwaynī: not only did he engage with the ideas of his opponents in kalām theology, but also (...) with those of the falāsifa. (shrink)

Abū Hāshim al-Jubbāʾī was one of the most influential representatives of Muʿtazilism, a school of “rational theology” – or ʿilm al-kalām as the discipline is termed in the Islamic intellectual tradition. He significantly developed the doctrinal system of the “School of Baṣra,” and his followers are sometimes called after him “Bahshamiyya” or “Bahāshima.” The most important element of Abū Hāshim’s metaphysical thinking was his development of the so-called theory of “states”. According to this doctrine, the qualifications of beings have an (...) ontological reality that is neither described by existence nor nonexistence. The theory helped him to explain the nature of God’s attributes without asserting the existence of co-eternal beings in God. Abū Hāshim also claimed that the very being of things does not collapse into their existence. It was therefore debated whether or not his teaching had an influence on Avicenna’s essence-existence distinction. (shrink)

Proceedings of the workshops of the 25th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering.

The Almohads’ rule over the Islamic West—twelfth–thirteenth centuries, from western Lybia to the Iberian Peninsula—involved the imposition of their founder’s profession of faith stressing God’s unity on the population at large, including not only Jews and Christians who were forced to convert, but also Muslims. The original uncompromising rejection of anthropomorphism underwent changes as Almohad rule evolved from its Messianic origins to the official support of philosophical inquiry. Discussion of Ibn Tūmart’s profession of faith and its links with Ibn Ṭufayl’s (...) and Averroes’ work is complemented by an overview of the Almohad religious and intellectual elites and the development of law, theology and Sufism. (shrink)

7 pages.-- Delivered to: 5th International Conference on Argumentation, The International Society for the Study of Argumentation, University of Amsterdam, 25-28 June 2002.

Raul Orayen's book _Lógica, significado y ontología_ is a deep study into a range of issues in the philosophy of logic, taking Quine as the main interlocutor. It goes into subjects such as Truth-bearerss, Logical Truth, Validity, Propositions, Quine's Extensionalism, Relevant Logic and disjunctive syllogism, and Castañeda's ontology of Guises.

The paper examines Beuchot's approach and agrees that there are many coincidences between medieval Aristotelianism and analytical philosophy. Both pursue philosophical inquiry in an argumentative manner. Nowadays analytical philosophy also tends to recognize as genuine such traditional metaphysical problems as were debated by the Scholastics. The paper's only criticism at Beuchot's views concerns analogy and reduplicative as-clauses. It argues that on that issue the cleavage between medieval and analytical philosophy lies in the latter's tending to favor complete equivocality of the (...) word «being». However, an alternative is possible, namely univocism, as implemented in combinatory logics, which while also rejecting reduplicative clauses is free from the ineffableness attendant upon equivocism. (shrink)

Earlier versions of this article were presented at the 19th International Congress of Historical Sciences and at the 11th Simposium de la Sociedad Española de Historia de la Medicina.

The main starting point of many of the contributions collected into the book is the kind of Twin Earth considerations, along with meaning individualism. Is Putnam's claim about water in this world and a stuff in an alternative world being different materials?. Is meaning in the head? One seems allowed to be skeptical about the starting point of the debate between such as emphasize broad content and those who think that the basic semantic entities are narrow contents, which would fail (...) to be world-dependent or world-oriented. The kind of motivations prompting the essays collected into the book are likely to be regarded as in need of a deeper elucidation by such as have been more or less influenced by Quine. Pettit & McDowell's collection of essays is one of the books most scholars interested in the confines of philosophy of language and philosophy of mind will find worth reading. (shrink)